Library / Engineering & Technology / History of electric light / Braille
History of electric light ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt
172,365 braille cells · 180 embossed pages at 40×25 · 426 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠕⠥⠝⠙⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠁⠺⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠉⠥⠗⠗⠑⠝⠞⠀⠀⠋⠇⠕⠺⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠀⠉⠊⠗⠉⠥⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠑⠟⠥⠁⠇⠀ ⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠧⠕⠇⠞⠁⠛⠑⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠉⠊⠗⠉⠥⠊⠞⠀⠙⠊⠧⠊⠙⠑⠙⠀ ⠃⠽⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠎⠊⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠊⠗⠉⠥⠊⠞⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀ ⠓⠕⠝⠕⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠑⠗⠽⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠥⠝⠊⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀ ⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠗⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠗⠑⠎⠊⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠠⠠⠕⠓⠍⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠇⠁⠺⠀⠊⠎⠀⠥⠎⠥⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠑⠭⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠑⠙⠀⠀ ⠁⠎⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠠⠉⠀⠀⠠⠑⠸⠌⠠⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠦⠠⠉⠴⠀⠍⠑⠁⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠉⠥⠗⠗⠑⠝⠞⠀⠶⠊⠝⠀ ⠁⠍⠏⠑⠗⠑⠎⠶⠂⠀⠦⠠⠑⠴⠀⠍⠑⠁⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠗⠕⠍⠕⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀ ⠋⠕⠗⠉⠑⠀⠕⠗⠀⠀⠧⠕⠇⠞⠁⠛⠑⠀⠶⠊⠝⠀⠧⠕⠇⠞⠎⠶⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠦⠠⠗⠴⠀ ⠍⠑⠁⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠗⠑⠎⠊⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠶⠊⠝⠀⠕⠓⠍⠎⠶⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀ ⠊⠎⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠥⠝⠙⠁⠍⠑⠝⠞⠁⠇⠀⠇⠁⠺⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀ ⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠗⠊⠉⠊⠞⠽⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠋⠀⠞⠓⠕⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠇⠽⠀⠀ ⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠎⠞⠕⠕⠙⠂⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠎⠕⠇⠧⠑⠀⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠗⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀ ⠏⠗⠕⠃⠇⠑⠍⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠥⠎⠂⠀⠊⠋⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠁⠃⠕⠧⠑⠀⠥⠝⠊⠞⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠝⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠓⠊⠗⠙⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀⠃⠑⠀ ⠙⠑⠞⠑⠗⠍⠊⠝⠑⠙⠲⠀⠠⠑⠭⠁⠍⠏⠇⠑⠎⠒⠀⠠⠁⠝⠀⠀⠊⠝⠉⠁⠝⠙⠑⠎⠉⠑⠝⠞ ⠀⠇⠁⠍⠏⠀⠕⠝⠀⠁⠀⠼⠁⠃⠚⠤⠧⠕⠇⠞⠀⠉⠊⠗⠉⠥⠊⠞⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠥⠍⠑⠎⠀ ⠼⠚⠲⠙⠀⠁⠍⠏⠑⠗⠑⠂⠀⠓⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠀⠗⠑⠎⠊⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗ ⠀⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀⠉⠕⠝⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠼⠉⠚⠚⠀⠕⠓⠍⠎⠲⠀⠠⠎⠑⠧⠑⠗⠁⠇⠀ ⠞⠗⠕⠇⠇⠑⠽⠀⠉⠁⠗⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠝⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀⠇⠊⠝⠑⠀⠞⠁⠅⠑⠀ ⠼⠁⠚⠚⠀⠁⠍⠏⠑⠗⠑⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠗⠥⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠗⠑⠎⠊⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠧⠑⠗⠓⠑⠁⠙⠀⠺⠊⠗⠑⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠕⠺⠑⠗⠀⠓⠕⠥⠎⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠗⠕⠇⠇⠑⠽⠀⠉⠁⠗⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.