Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Physics / James Clerk Maxwell and Modern Physics / Braille

James Clerk Maxwell and Modern Physics ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

381,190 braille cells · 404 embossed pages at 40×25 · 803 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠏⠥⠃⠇⠊⠎⠓⠑⠙⠀⠏⠁⠏⠑⠗⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠉⠕⠍⠍⠥⠝⠊⠉⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠗⠕⠽⠁⠇⠀⠠⠎⠕⠉⠊⠑⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠑⠙⠊⠝⠃⠥⠗⠛⠓⠀⠕⠝⠀⠠⠁⠏⠗⠊⠇⠀
⠼⠋⠞⠓⠂⠀⠼⠁⠓⠙⠋⠂⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠁⠥⠞⠓⠕⠗⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠃⠁⠗⠑⠇⠽⠀
⠋⠊⠋⠞⠑⠑⠝⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠎⠀⠞⠊⠞⠇⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠎⠀⠋⠕⠇⠇⠕⠺⠎⠒⠀⠦⠠⠕⠝⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠙⠑⠎⠉⠗⠊⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠕⠧⠁⠇⠀⠠⠉⠥⠗⠧⠑⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠞⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠓⠁⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠀⠠⠏⠇⠥⠗⠁⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠋⠕⠉⠊⠲⠀⠠⠃⠽⠀
⠠⠍⠗⠲⠀⠠⠉⠇⠑⠗⠅⠀⠠⠍⠁⠭⠺⠑⠇⠇⠂⠀⠠⠚⠥⠝⠊⠕⠗⠲⠀⠠⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀
⠠⠗⠑⠍⠁⠗⠅⠎⠀⠃⠽⠀⠠⠏⠗⠕⠋⠑⠎⠎⠕⠗⠀⠠⠋⠕⠗⠃⠑⠎⠲⠀
⠠⠉⠕⠍⠍⠥⠝⠊⠉⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠠⠏⠗⠕⠋⠑⠎⠎⠕⠗⠀⠠⠋⠕⠗⠃⠑⠎⠲⠴⠀⠀
⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠕⠞⠊⠉⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠋⠁⠞⠓⠑⠗⠄⠎⠀⠙⠊⠁⠗⠽⠀⠗⠥⠝⠎⠒⠀
⠦⠠⠍⠲⠀⠼⠋⠀⠠⠁⠏⠲⠂⠀⠼⠁⠓⠙⠋⠲⠀⠠⠗⠕⠽⠁⠇⠀⠠⠎⠕⠉⠊⠑⠞⠽⠀
⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠠⠚⠁⠎⠲⠀⠠⠏⠗⠕⠋⠑⠎⠎⠕⠗⠀⠠⠋⠕⠗⠃⠑⠎⠀⠛⠁⠧⠑⠀⠁⠉⠉⠞⠲
⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠚⠁⠍⠑⠎⠄⠎⠀⠠⠕⠧⠁⠇⠎⠲⠀⠠⠍⠑⠞⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀
⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠁⠞⠞⠑⠝⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠏⠏⠗⠕⠃⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀
⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠇⠇⠽⠲⠴⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠑⠛⠊⠝⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠊⠋⠑⠇⠕⠝⠛⠀⠋⠗⠊⠑⠝⠙⠎⠓⠊⠏⠀⠃⠑⠞⠺⠑⠑⠝⠀⠠⠍⠁⠭⠺⠑⠇⠇
⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠋⠕⠗⠃⠑⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠥⠗⠧⠑⠎⠀⠊⠝⠧⠑⠎⠞⠊⠛⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀
⠃⠽⠀⠠⠍⠁⠭⠺⠑⠇⠇⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠑⠗⠞⠽⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠎⠥⠍⠀⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠙⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠁⠝⠽⠀⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠥⠗⠧⠑⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠋⠕⠉⠥⠎⠀⠁⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠁⠝⠞⠀⠍⠥⠇⠞⠊⠏⠇⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠁⠀⠎⠑⠉⠕⠝⠙⠀⠋⠕⠉⠥⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠁⠇⠺⠁⠽⠎⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠁⠝⠞⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠥⠗⠧⠑⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠕⠗⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠂
⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠊⠋⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠁⠝⠞⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠕⠗⠀⠑⠭⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠑⠎⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.