Library / Philosophy / What Does History Teach? / Braille
What Does History Teach? ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt
129,591 braille cells · 138 embossed pages at 40×25 · 736 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠎⠺⠁⠇⠇⠕⠺⠎⠀⠃⠥⠊⠇⠙⠀⠝⠑⠎⠞⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠀ ⠏⠗⠑⠎⠉⠗⠊⠃⠑⠙⠀⠕⠏⠑⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠝⠊⠍⠁⠇⠀ ⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠏⠑⠗⠋⠕⠗⠍⠆⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠝⠧⠑⠝⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠀⠋⠁⠉⠥⠇⠞⠽ ⠀⠊⠝⠀⠍⠁⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀⠋⠗⠑⠑⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀⠁⠀⠍⠁⠝⠝⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠥⠗⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠁⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠀⠉⠁⠝⠝⠕⠞⠀⠃⠑⠀ ⠋⠕⠗⠑⠎⠑⠑⠝⠀⠕⠗⠀⠉⠁⠇⠉⠥⠇⠁⠞⠑⠙⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠗⠑⠧⠑⠇⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀ ⠧⠁⠗⠊⠑⠞⠽⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠂⠀⠁⠃⠕⠧⠑⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠀⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠎⠂⠀⠎⠓⠥⠝⠎⠀ ⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠥⠝⠊⠋⠕⠗⠍⠊⠞⠽⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠑⠗⠧⠊⠇⠑⠀ ⠏⠗⠕⠧⠊⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠃⠗⠥⠞⠑⠀⠀⠁⠉⠞⠊⠧⠊⠞⠽⠲⠀⠠⠁⠀⠍⠁⠝⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀ ⠇⠊⠧⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠀⠓⠕⠇⠑⠀⠇⠊⠅⠑⠀⠁⠀⠋⠕⠭⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀ ⠏⠗⠕⠏⠑⠗⠀⠓⠥⠍⠁⠝⠊⠞⠽⠀⠀⠊⠎⠀⠎⠓⠕⠺⠝⠀⠃⠽⠀⠃⠥⠊⠇⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠀ ⠓⠕⠥⠎⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠝⠧⠑⠝⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠀⠎⠞⠽⠇⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀ ⠁⠗⠉⠓⠊⠞⠑⠉⠞⠥⠗⠑⠲⠀⠠⠁⠀⠀⠍⠁⠝⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀⠎⠊⠝⠛⠀⠇⠊⠅⠑⠀⠁⠀ ⠃⠊⠗⠙⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠤⠤⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠊⠗⠙⠀⠉⠁⠝⠝⠕⠞⠀⠙⠕⠤⠤⠓⠑⠀ ⠉⠁⠝⠀⠀⠍⠁⠅⠑⠀⠁⠀⠓⠁⠗⠏⠀⠕⠗⠀⠁⠝⠀⠕⠗⠛⠁⠝⠲⠀⠠⠓⠑⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀ ⠎⠉⠗⠁⠏⠑⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠝⠁⠊⠇⠎⠀⠇⠊⠅⠑⠀⠁⠀⠞⠑⠗⠗⠊⠑⠗⠂⠀⠀ ⠃⠥⠞⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠍⠁⠝⠀⠍⠁⠝⠊⠋⠑⠎⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠑⠗⠀ ⠍⠁⠝⠓⠕⠕⠙⠂⠀⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠑⠋⠑⠗⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠍⠁⠅⠑⠀⠁⠀⠀⠎⠓⠕⠧⠑⠇⠀⠕⠋ ⠀⠺⠕⠕⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠀⠓⠁⠞⠉⠓⠑⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠞⠕⠝⠑⠀⠕⠗⠀⠊⠗⠕⠝⠲⠀ ⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠁⠝⠊⠍⠁⠇⠎⠂⠀⠀⠓⠕⠺⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀⠉⠥⠝⠝⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀ ⠁⠝⠙⠀⠕⠋⠞⠑⠝⠀⠺⠕⠝⠙⠑⠗⠋⠥⠇⠇⠽⠀⠁⠙⠁⠏⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗ ⠀⠊⠝⠎⠞⠊⠝⠉⠞⠎⠂⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠀⠍⠑⠗⠑⠀⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠍⠁⠝⠀ ⠍⠁⠅⠑⠎⠀⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠗⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠀⠓⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀ ⠚⠥⠎⠞⠇⠽⠀⠑⠝⠞⠊⠞⠇⠑⠙⠀⠀⠞⠕⠀⠇⠕⠕⠅⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠓⠊⠍⠎⠑⠇⠋⠀⠁⠎ ⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠛⠕⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠕⠺⠑⠗⠀⠁⠝⠊⠍⠁⠇⠎⠂⠀⠚⠥⠎⠞⠀⠁⠎⠀
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.