Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Mathematics / An essay on the foundations of geometry / Braille

An essay on the foundations of geometry ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

430,699 braille cells · 453 embossed pages at 40×25 · 2,394 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠮⠀⠌⠯⠏⠕⠔⠞⠀⠷⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠁⠇⠀⠎⠉⠊⠢⠉⠑⠂⠀⠀⠺⠑⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀
⠉⠁⠇⠇⠀⠀⠏⠗⠊⠕⠗⠊⠀⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻⠀⠗⠢⠙⠻⠎⠀⠏⠕⠎⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠀⠮⠀
⠑⠭⠏⠻⠊⠢⠉⠑⠀⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠿⠍⠎⠀⠮⠀⠎⠥⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠤⠍⠁⠞⠞⠻⠀⠷⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀
⠎⠉⠊⠢⠉⠑⠲⠀⠠⠔⠀⠠⠛⠑⠕⠍⠑⠞⠗⠽⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀⠀⠏⠜⠞⠊⠉⠥⠇⠜⠊⠵⠑⠂⠀
⠺⠑⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠀⠀⠏⠗⠊⠕⠗⠊⠀⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻⠀⠗⠢⠙⠻⠎⠀
⠏⠕⠎⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠀⠀⠑⠭⠏⠻⠊⠢⠉⠑⠀⠷⠀⠑⠭⠞⠻⠝⠁⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠵⠀⠎⠥⠡⠲⠀⠀
⠠⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠕⠃⠎⠻⠧⠫⠀⠞⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠥⠎⠑⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠞⠻⠍⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠁⠞⠀⠕⠝⠉⠑⠀⠍⠀⠀⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠊⠌⠊⠉⠀⠯⠀⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠏⠗⠑⠉⠊⠎⠑⠀
⠹⠁⠝⠀⠞⠀⠷⠀⠠⠅⠁⠝⠞⠲⠀⠠⠅⠁⠝⠞⠀⠺⠳⠇⠙⠀⠎⠑⠑⠍⠀⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠀
⠎⠥⠏⠏⠕⠎⠫⠀⠓⠊⠍⠎⠑⠇⠋⠀⠊⠍⠍⠫⠊⠁⠞⠑⠇⠽⠀⠁⠺⠜⠑⠂⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠊⠝⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠞⠀⠀⠐⠎⠀⠅⠀⠴⠀⠁⠏⠕⠙⠑⠊⠉⠞⠊⠉⠂⠀⠯⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀
⠎⠥⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠤⠍⠁⠞⠞⠻⠂⠀⠮⠗⠑⠿⠑⠂⠀⠀⠀⠏⠗⠊⠕⠗⠊⠒⠀⠃⠀⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠙
⠀⠝⠀⠁⠇⠺⠁⠽⠎⠀⠙⠫⠥⠉⠑⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠁⠏⠗⠊⠕⠗⠊⠞⠽⠀⠋⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠀
⠋⠥⠗⠮⠗⠀⠏⠗⠔⠉⠊⠏⠇⠑⠲⠀⠠⠐⠓⠂⠀⠓⠪⠑⠧⠻⠂⠀⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠩⠪⠝⠂⠀⠃⠑⠿⠑⠀⠁⠙⠍⠊⠞⠞⠬⠀⠀⠁⠏⠗⠊⠕⠗⠊⠞⠽⠂⠀⠞⠀⠮⠀
⠋⠁⠇⠎⠑⠓⠕⠕⠙⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠚⠥⠙⠛⠍⠢⠞⠀⠔⠀⠐⠟⠀⠺⠳⠇⠙⠀⠝⠀⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠑⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞⠫⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠀⠍⠻⠑⠀⠡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠍⠁⠞⠞⠻⠀⠷⠀
⠑⠭⠏⠻⠊⠢⠉⠑⠂⠀⠃⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠀⠡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠩⠳⠇⠙⠀
⠗⠢⠙⠻⠀⠐⠎⠀⠃⠗⠁⠝⠡⠀⠷⠀⠑⠭⠏⠻⠊⠢⠉⠑⠀⠿⠍⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠀
⠊⠍⠏⠕⠎⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠂⠀⠊⠲⠑⠲⠀⠊⠝⠁⠉⠉⠑⠎⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀
⠍⠑⠹⠕⠙⠎⠀⠷⠀⠉⠕⠛⠝⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀⠀⠁⠃⠕⠧⠑⠀⠥⠎⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠏⠗⠑⠉⠊⠎⠑⠂⠀⠿⠀⠭⠀⠧⠜⠊⠑⠎⠀⠁⠉⠉⠕⠗⠙⠬⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠮⠀⠀⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠁⠇⠊⠵⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠑⠭⠏⠻⠊⠢⠉⠑⠀⠺⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀
⠁⠎⠎⠥⠍⠬⠀⠏⠕⠎⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠂⠀⠯⠀⠾⠀⠀⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠛⠗⠑⠎⠎⠀⠷⠀⠅⠀⠐⠎⠀
⠝⠑⠺⠀⠉⠕⠝⠝⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀⠏⠻⠉⠑⠊⠧⠫⠂⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.