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An essay on the foundations of geometry ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

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504,362 braille cells · 533 embossed pages at 40×25 · 2,394 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠊⠍⠁⠛⠊⠝⠁⠗⠽⠀⠋⠊⠛⠥⠗⠑⠎⠤⠤⠊⠝⠀⠠⠑⠥⠉⠇⠊⠙⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠉⠊⠗⠉⠥⠇⠁⠗⠀⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀⠊⠝⠋⠊⠝⠊⠞⠽⠆⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠍⠕⠗⠑⠕⠧⠑⠗⠀⠏⠥⠗⠑⠇⠽⠀⠎⠽⠍⠃⠕⠇⠊⠉⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀
⠁⠝⠁⠇⠽⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠃⠑⠀⠗⠑⠛⠁⠗⠙⠑⠙⠀⠁⠎⠀
⠏⠓⠊⠇⠕⠎⠕⠏⠓⠊⠉⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠊⠗⠗⠑⠇⠑⠧⠁⠝⠞⠲⠀⠀⠠⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠟⠥⠑⠎⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠉⠕⠝⠉⠑⠗⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠗⠑⠙⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀⠋⠥⠝⠙⠁⠍⠑⠝⠞⠁⠇⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠕⠗⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠛⠑⠕⠍⠑⠞⠗⠽⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠎⠀
⠠⠉⠁⠽⠇⠑⠽⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠠⠏⠗⠑⠎⠊⠙⠑⠝⠞⠊⠁⠇⠀⠠⠁⠙⠙⠗⠑⠎⠎⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠃⠗⠊⠞⠊⠎⠓⠀⠠⠁⠎⠎⠕⠉⠊⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀⠼⠁⠓⠓⠉⠂⠀
⠋⠕⠗⠍⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠀⠉⠓⠁⠇⠇⠑⠝⠛⠑⠙⠀⠏⠓⠊⠇⠕⠎⠕⠏⠓⠑⠗⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠙⠊⠎⠉⠥⠎⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠥⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠊⠍⠁⠛⠊⠝⠁⠗⠊⠑⠎⠂⠀⠕⠝⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓
⠀⠀⠊⠞⠀⠙⠑⠏⠑⠝⠙⠎⠂⠀⠠⠊⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠞⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠟⠥⠑⠎⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠁⠞⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠇⠑⠝⠛⠞⠓⠲⠀⠠⠃⠥⠞⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀⠇⠑⠞⠀
⠥⠎⠀⠎⠑⠑⠀⠓⠕⠺⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠍⠁⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠁⠞⠓⠑⠍⠁⠞⠊⠉⠎⠂⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠙⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀⠑⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞⠑⠙⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠉⠁⠲⠀⠠⠺⠑⠀
⠎⠓⠁⠇⠇⠀⠋⠊⠝⠙⠂⠀⠞⠓⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠕⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠏⠑⠗⠊⠕⠙⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞
⠀⠁⠇⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠀⠑⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠞⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀
⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠍⠊⠎⠇⠑⠁⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠝⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠕⠃⠧⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀⠀
⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠏⠗⠑⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠝⠑⠧⠑⠗⠞⠓⠑⠇⠑⠎⠎⠂⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀
⠗⠊⠛⠓⠞⠇⠽⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠏⠗⠑⠞⠑⠙⠂⠀⠁⠀⠺⠊⠙⠑⠀⠀
⠏⠓⠊⠇⠕⠎⠕⠏⠓⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠃⠑⠁⠗⠊⠝⠛⠲⠀⠠⠎⠕⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠉⠁⠽⠇⠑⠽⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠏⠊⠕⠝⠑⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠏⠗⠕⠚⠑⠉⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠚⠑⠉⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀
⠋⠕⠗⠍⠥⠇⠁⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠁⠝⠛⠇⠑⠎⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠑⠥⠉⠇⠊⠙⠑⠁⠝⠀

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