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An essay on the foundations of geometry ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

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504,362 braille cells · 533 embossed pages at 40×25 · 2,394 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠕⠗⠙⠊⠝⠁⠞⠑⠎⠤⠤⠁⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠥⠇⠁⠀⠀⠎⠥⠃⠎⠑⠟⠥⠑⠝⠞⠇⠽
⠀⠏⠗⠕⠧⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠠⠓⠑⠇⠍⠓⠕⠇⠞⠵⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠇⠊⠑⠤⠤⠞⠓⠑⠝⠀⠊⠞⠀
⠋⠕⠇⠇⠕⠺⠎⠂⠀⠎⠊⠝⠉⠑⠀⠀⠍⠁⠛⠝⠊⠞⠥⠙⠑⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠊⠝⠙⠑⠏⠑⠝⠙⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠎⠏⠁⠉⠑⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠂⠀
⠺⠊⠞⠓⠊⠝⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠊⠍⠊⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠕⠃⠎⠑⠗⠧⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀
⠁⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠁⠝⠞⠀⠍⠑⠁⠎⠥⠗⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠥⠗⠧⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠂⠀⠀⠕⠗⠀
⠍⠥⠎⠞⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠺⠕⠗⠙⠎⠂⠀⠃⠑⠀⠓⠕⠍⠕⠛⠑⠝⠑⠕⠥⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠁⠇⠇⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠎⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠊⠝⠋⠊⠝⠊⠞⠑⠎⠊⠍⠁⠇⠂⠀
⠠⠗⠊⠑⠍⠁⠝⠝⠀⠎⠁⠽⠎⠀⠶⠏⠲⠀⠼⠃⠋⠛⠶⠂⠀⠕⠃⠎⠑⠗⠧⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀
⠉⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠙⠑⠞⠑⠉⠞⠀⠀⠁⠀⠙⠑⠏⠁⠗⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠽⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠑⠁⠎⠥⠗⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠉⠥⠗⠧⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠆⠀⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠓⠑⠀⠍⠁⠅⠑⠎⠀⠝⠕⠀⠁⠞⠞⠑⠍⠏⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠎⠓⠕⠺⠀⠓⠕⠺⠀⠠⠛⠑⠕⠍⠑⠞⠗⠽⠀⠉⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠗⠑⠍⠁⠊⠝⠀⠏⠕⠎⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑
⠀⠀⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠀⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀⠉⠊⠗⠉⠥⠍⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽
⠀⠠⠛⠑⠕⠍⠑⠞⠗⠽⠀⠓⠑⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠗⠥⠉⠞⠑⠙⠀⠀⠊⠎⠀⠃⠁⠎⠑⠙⠀
⠑⠝⠞⠊⠗⠑⠇⠽⠀⠕⠝⠀⠠⠋⠗⠑⠑⠀⠠⠍⠕⠃⠊⠇⠊⠞⠽⠲⠀⠠⠊⠀⠎⠓⠁⠇⠇⠀
⠑⠝⠙⠑⠁⠧⠕⠥⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠏⠗⠕⠧⠑⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠀⠠⠉⠓⠁⠏⠞⠑⠗⠀⠠⠠⠊⠊⠊⠲⠂
⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠍⠑⠞⠗⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠠⠛⠑⠕⠍⠑⠞⠗⠽⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀
⠎⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠑⠝⠙⠑⠁⠧⠕⠥⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠀⠙⠊⠎⠏⠑⠝⠎⠑⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠁⠭⠊⠕⠍⠂⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀⠇⠕⠛⠊⠉⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠎⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠲⠀
⠠⠁⠞⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞⠀⠀⠠⠊⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠀⠕⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞
⠀⠠⠗⠊⠑⠍⠁⠝⠝⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠎⠏⠊⠞⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠙⠑⠎⠊⠗⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠧⠑⠀⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠭⠊⠕⠍⠎⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠙⠊⠎⠏⠑⠝⠎⠑⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠂⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠝⠑⠧⠑⠗⠞⠓⠑⠇⠑⠎⠎⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠓⠊⠎
⠀⠀⠍⠁⠞⠓⠑⠍⠁⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠂⠀⠗⠑⠞⠁⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠗⠑⠑⠀

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