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An essay on the foundations of geometry ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

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504,362 braille cells · 533 embossed pages at 40×25 · 2,394 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠏⠁⠗⠁⠍⠑⠞⠑⠗⠂⠀⠀⠝⠁⠍⠑⠇⠽⠀⠒⠀⠲⠀⠠⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀⠁⠀⠎⠑⠗⠊⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋
⠀⠛⠑⠕⠙⠑⠎⠊⠉⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠂⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠀⠁⠀⠀
⠞⠺⠕⠤⠙⠊⠍⠑⠝⠎⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠀⠍⠁⠝⠊⠋⠕⠇⠙⠂⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠁⠀⠍⠑⠁⠎⠥⠗⠑
⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠥⠗⠧⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠗⠙⠊⠝⠁⠗⠽⠀⠀⠠⠛⠁⠥⠎⠎⠊⠁⠝
⠀⠎⠑⠝⠎⠑⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠍⠑⠁⠎⠥⠗⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠥⠗⠧⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀
⠃⠑⠀⠙⠑⠞⠑⠗⠍⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠃⠕⠧⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠥⠇⠁⠀
⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠇⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠁⠗⠽⠀⠁⠗⠉⠂⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠑⠇⠏⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠠⠛⠁⠥⠎⠎⠄⠎⠀⠀⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠇⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠥⠇⠁⠀⠁⠇⠇⠥⠙⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠁⠃⠕⠧⠑⠲⠀⠠⠺⠑⠀⠞⠓⠥⠎⠀⠕⠃⠞⠁⠊⠝⠀⠁⠝⠀⠊⠝⠋⠊⠝⠊⠞⠑⠀
⠝⠥⠍⠃⠑⠗⠀⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠑⠁⠎⠥⠗⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠥⠗⠧⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠁⠞⠀⠁⠀
⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠝⠲⠶⠝⠀⠤⠀⠼⠁⠶⠸⠌⠃⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠂⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠎⠞⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀⠃⠑⠀⠙⠑⠙⠥⠉⠑⠙⠀⠶⠠⠗⠊⠑⠍⠁⠝⠝⠂⠀
⠠⠛⠑⠎⠁⠍⠍⠑⠇⠞⠑⠀⠠⠺⠑⠗⠅⠑⠂⠀⠏⠲⠀⠼⠃⠋⠃⠶⠲⠀⠠⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠑⠁⠎⠥⠗⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠥⠗⠧⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠁⠞⠀⠁⠀⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠀⠁⠗⠑
⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠁⠝⠞⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠑⠟⠥⠁⠇⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠍⠑⠁⠎⠥⠗⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠥⠗⠧⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠁⠞⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀
⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠂⠀⠺⠑⠀⠛⠑⠞⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠠⠗⠊⠑⠍⠁⠝⠝⠀⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠎⠀⠁⠀
⠍⠁⠝⠊⠋⠕⠇⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠁⠝⠞⠀⠉⠥⠗⠧⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠎⠥⠉⠓
⠀⠁⠀⠍⠁⠝⠊⠋⠕⠇⠙⠀⠋⠗⠑⠑⠀⠀⠍⠕⠃⠊⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠊⠎⠀⠏⠕⠎⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠂⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠙⠕⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠀
⠊⠝⠞⠗⠊⠝⠎⠊⠉⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠁⠝⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠲⠀⠠⠊⠋⠀⠁⠀
⠃⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠑⠁⠎⠥⠗⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠥⠗⠧⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠥⠇⠁
⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠁⠗⠉⠀⠃⠑⠉⠕⠍⠑⠎⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠉⠁⠎⠑⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠙⠎⠼⠃⠀⠀⠙⠭⠼⠃⠸⠌⠶⠁⠀⠀⠁⠸⠌⠼⠙⠀⠭⠼⠃⠶⠃⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎
⠀⠉⠁⠎⠑⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠠⠊⠀⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠑⠙⠀⠕⠥⠞⠀⠁⠃⠕⠧⠑⠂⠀⠉⠁⠝

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.