Library / Biology / How to Use the Popular Science Library; History of Science; General Index / Braille
How to Use the Popular Science Library; History of Science; General Index ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.
Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt
1,124,526 braille cells · 1,175 embossed pages at 40×25 · 3,762 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠠⠁⠇⠥⠍⠔⠊⠥⠍⠂⠀⠁⠋⠋⠔⠊⠞⠽⠀⠌⠗⠢⠛⠹⠂⠀⠧⠊⠊⠊⠂⠀⠼⠁⠃⠓⠆⠀⠀⠀ ⠁⠞⠕⠍⠊⠉⠀⠺⠑⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠯⠀⠎⠽⠍⠃⠕⠇⠂⠀⠼⠉⠓⠉⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠡⠑⠍⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠁⠉⠞⠊⠧⠊⠞⠽⠂⠀⠼⠁⠙⠊⠂⠀⠼⠁⠑⠑⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠉⠕⠍⠏⠳⠝⠙⠎⠂⠀⠥⠝⠌⠁⠃⠇⠑⠂⠀⠼⠁⠉⠛⠂⠀⠼⠃⠑⠛⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠙⠢⠎⠊⠞⠽⠀⠷⠂⠀⠊⠧⠂⠀⠼⠁⠁⠉⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠗⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀ ⠉⠕⠝⠙⠥⠉⠞⠊⠧⠊⠞⠽⠂⠀⠼⠃⠓⠉⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠗⠕⠇⠽⠞⠊⠉⠀ ⠗⠫⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠧⠊⠊⠂⠀⠼⠉⠃⠚⠂⠀⠧⠊⠊⠊⠂⠀⠼⠃⠛⠁⠂⠀⠼⠃⠓⠙⠆⠀⠀ ⠛⠕⠇⠙⠀⠏⠇⠁⠞⠬⠀⠷⠂⠀⠧⠊⠊⠂⠀⠼⠉⠁⠊⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠀⠓⠑⠁⠧⠽⠀ ⠍⠑⠞⠁⠇⠀⠛⠗⠳⠏⠂⠀⠧⠊⠊⠊⠂⠀⠼⠁⠃⠋⠤⠛⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠍⠑⠇⠞⠬⠀ ⠏⠕⠔⠞⠀⠯⠀⠓⠑⠁⠞⠂⠀⠊⠧⠂⠀⠼⠁⠋⠃⠂⠀⠧⠊⠊⠊⠂⠀⠼⠉⠓⠙⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠕⠉⠉⠥⠗⠗⠢⠉⠑⠂⠀⠼⠁⠊⠂⠀⠼⠁⠃⠊⠂⠀⠼⠁⠙⠓⠂⠀⠼⠁⠑⠙⠂⠀⠼⠁⠊⠓⠆⠀ ⠏⠻⠉⠢⠞⠁⠛⠑⠀⠔⠀⠑⠜⠹⠄⠎⠀⠉⠗⠥⠌⠂⠀⠊⠊⠊⠂⠀⠼⠉⠚⠓⠂⠀⠧⠊⠊⠊⠂⠀ ⠼⠁⠊⠃⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠯⠀⠥⠎⠑⠎⠂⠀⠊⠊⠊⠂⠀ ⠼⠉⠋⠊⠤⠛⠚⠂⠀⠧⠊⠊⠊⠂⠀⠼⠁⠑⠙⠤⠑⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠎⠁⠇⠞⠎⠀ ⠁⠌⠗⠬⠢⠞⠂⠀⠼⠁⠁⠋⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠎⠳⠝⠙⠀⠧⠑⠇⠕⠉⠊⠞⠽⠀⠔⠂⠀⠊⠧⠂⠀ ⠼⠃⠚⠁⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠋⠊⠉⠀⠛⠗⠁⠧⠊⠞⠽⠂⠀⠧⠊⠊⠊⠂⠀⠼⠉⠓⠙⠆ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠞⠑⠌⠀⠿⠂⠀⠼⠃⠓⠛⠂⠀⠼⠃⠓⠓⠤⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠇⠥⠍⠔⠥⠍⠀ ⠠⠁⠗⠗⠑⠌⠻⠎⠂⠀⠧⠊⠊⠂⠀⠼⠁⠛⠂⠀⠼⠑⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠇⠥⠍⠔⠥⠍⠀ ⠠⠺⠊⠗⠑⠂⠀⠧⠊⠂⠀⠼⠓⠚⠂⠀⠧⠊⠊⠂⠀⠼⠃⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠍⠁⠇⠛⠁⠍⠂⠀ ⠙⠑⠋⠔⠫⠂⠀⠧⠊⠊⠊⠂⠀⠼⠉⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠍⠁⠇⠛⠁⠍⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀ ⠙⠑⠋⠔⠫⠂⠀⠧⠊⠂⠀⠼⠁⠉⠃⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠀⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠗⠊⠉⠀⠉⠑⠇⠇⠎⠂⠀ ⠼⠁⠉⠃⠂⠀⠼⠁⠉⠊⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠀⠛⠕⠇⠙⠀⠯⠀⠎⠊⠇⠧⠻⠀ ⠑⠭⠞⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠧⠊⠊⠊⠂⠀⠼⠁⠉⠁⠂⠀⠼⠃⠛⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠠⠁⠍⠜⠽⠇⠇⠊⠎⠀⠠⠋⠁⠍⠊⠇⠽⠂⠀⠭⠊⠊⠊⠂⠀⠼⠁⠓⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠠⠁⠍⠁⠞⠥⠎⠀⠠⠇⠥⠎⠊⠞⠁⠝⠥⠎⠂⠀⠭⠂⠀⠼⠑⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠍⠁⠵⠕⠝⠀
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.