Library / Biology / How to Use the Popular Science Library; History of Science; General Index / Braille
How to Use the Popular Science Library; History of Science; General Index ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.
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1,124,526 braille cells · 1,175 embossed pages at 40×25 · 3,762 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠀⠠⠁⠗⠁⠃⠀⠁⠌⠗⠕⠝⠕⠍⠻⠂⠀⠊⠊⠂⠀⠼⠉⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠠⠁⠉⠉⠑⠇⠻⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠙⠑⠋⠔⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠀⠍⠑⠁⠎⠥⠗⠑⠍⠢⠞⠂⠀⠊⠧⠂ ⠀⠼⠑⠛⠂⠀⠼⠉⠓⠁⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠉⠑⠀⠔⠀⠗⠑⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀ ⠼⠑⠊⠤⠋⠁⠂⠀⠼⠋⠉⠤⠙⠂⠀⠼⠛⠁⠤⠃⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠷⠀⠛⠗⠁⠧⠊⠞⠽⠂⠀ ⠼⠋⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠉⠉⠊⠙⠢⠞⠎⠂⠀⠋⠀⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠗⠊⠉⠊⠞⠽⠂⠀⠭⠂⠀ ⠼⠃⠑⠙⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠀⠋⠁⠞⠊⠛⠥⠑⠂⠀⠭⠊⠂⠀⠼⠃⠛⠙⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠏⠗⠑⠧⠢⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠂⠀⠧⠊⠊⠂⠀⠼⠉⠃⠤⠉⠂⠀⠭⠊⠂⠀⠼⠉⠋⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠠⠁⠉⠉⠊⠙⠢⠞⠎⠀⠶⠛⠑⠕⠇⠕⠛⠊⠉⠁⠇⠶⠂⠀⠭⠊⠧⠂⠀⠼⠁⠓⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠠⠁⠉⠉⠕⠍⠍⠕⠙⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠷⠀⠧⠊⠎⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠊⠭⠂⠀⠼⠁⠁⠚⠤⠁⠁⠂⠀ ⠼⠁⠁⠉⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠍⠥⠎⠉⠇⠑⠎⠀⠷⠂⠀⠼⠁⠋⠁⠂⠀⠼⠁⠋⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠠⠁⠉⠉⠥⠍⠥⠇⠁⠞⠕⠗⠎⠂⠀⠌⠕⠗⠁⠛⠑⠀⠃⠁⠞⠞⠻⠊⠑⠎⠂⠀⠊⠧⠂⠀⠼⠉⠚⠚ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠉⠉⠥⠍⠥⠇⠁⠞⠕⠗⠎⠂⠀⠺⠁⠞⠻⠤⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠥⠗⠑⠂⠀⠧⠂⠀ ⠼⠁⠚⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠉⠉⠥⠗⠁⠉⠽⠂⠀⠓⠁⠃⠊⠞⠀⠯⠂⠀⠭⠊⠂⠀⠼⠃⠑⠉⠆⠀ ⠊⠝⠙⠊⠋⠋⠻⠢⠞⠀⠞⠽⠏⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀⠍⠢⠂⠀⠼⠁⠑⠋⠂⠀⠼⠁⠑⠛⠂⠀⠼⠁⠑⠓⠤⠊ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠉⠑⠞⠊⠉⠀⠠⠁⠉⠊⠙⠂⠀⠧⠊⠂⠀⠼⠁⠁⠁⠂⠀⠧⠊⠊⠊⠂⠀ ⠼⠃⠃⠚⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠎⠕⠇⠥⠃⠊⠇⠊⠞⠽⠂⠀⠼⠁⠁⠃⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠀ ⠧⠔⠑⠛⠜⠂⠀⠼⠃⠁⠓⠂⠀⠼⠃⠙⠊⠂⠀⠼⠃⠊⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠉⠑⠞⠽⠇⠢⠑⠀ ⠠⠛⠁⠎⠂⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠻⠽⠂⠀⠭⠧⠊⠂⠀⠼⠁⠊⠚⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠍⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂ ⠀⠧⠊⠊⠂⠀⠼⠉⠁⠃⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠀⠌⠑⠑⠇⠀⠍⠁⠅⠬⠂⠀⠼⠉⠃⠁⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠇⠥⠍⠔⠕⠎⠊⠞⠽⠀⠷⠀⠋⠇⠁⠍⠑⠂⠀⠧⠊⠊⠊⠂⠀⠼⠋⠚⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠏⠗⠑⠏⠜⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠀⠥⠎⠑⠎⠂⠀⠼⠃⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠡⠢⠑⠎⠂⠀ ⠭⠊⠊⠊⠂⠀⠼⠑⠓⠤⠊⠂⠀⠼⠉⠙⠙⠂⠀⠼⠉⠙⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠡⠑⠎⠕⠝⠂⠀ ⠠⠙⠗⠲⠀⠠⠑⠙⠺⠜⠙⠀⠠⠛⠲⠂⠀⠧⠊⠊⠂⠀⠼⠉⠚⠚⠤⠁⠂⠀⠼⠉⠚⠊⠤⠁⠚⠂⠀ ⠭⠧⠊⠂⠀⠼⠁⠓⠊⠤⠊⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠡⠑⠥⠇⠑⠁⠝⠀⠠⠊⠍⠏⠇⠑⠍⠢⠞⠎⠂⠀ ⠭⠧⠂⠀⠼⠁⠚⠑⠂⠀⠼⠁⠚⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠡⠗⠕⠍⠁⠞⠊⠉⠀⠠⠇⠢⠎⠑⠎⠂⠀
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.