Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / How to Use the Popular Science Library; History of Science; General Index / Braille

How to Use the Popular Science Library; History of Science; General Index ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

1,124,526 braille cells · 1,175 embossed pages at 40×25 · 3,762 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠉⠻⠞⠁⠔⠀⠃⠗⠁⠝⠡⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀⠀⠊⠝⠙⠥⠌⠗⠽⠂⠀⠯⠀⠮⠀⠉⠕⠕⠏⠻⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝
⠀⠹⠥⠎⠀⠑⠌⠁⠃⠇⠊⠩⠫⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠢⠀⠗⠑⠉⠕⠛⠝⠊⠵⠫⠀⠔⠀⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀
⠉⠊⠧⠊⠇⠊⠵⠫⠀⠉⠳⠝⠞⠗⠊⠑⠎⠀⠵⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠥⠞⠍⠕⠌⠀⠧⠁⠇⠥⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠮
⠀⠋⠥⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠛⠗⠑⠎⠎⠀⠀⠷⠀⠍⠁⠝⠅⠔⠙⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠮⠀
⠏⠓⠊⠇⠕⠎⠕⠏⠓⠊⠉⠀⠹⠳⠛⠓⠞⠀⠷⠀⠑⠁⠡⠀⠑⠗⠁⠀⠛⠢⠻⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀
⠙⠑⠧⠑⠇⠕⠏⠎⠀⠔⠀⠓⠜⠍⠕⠝⠽⠀⠀⠾⠀⠎⠕⠉⠊⠁⠇⠀⠯⠀
⠊⠝⠞⠑⠇⠇⠑⠉⠞⠥⠁⠇⠀⠉⠕⠝⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀
⠏⠓⠊⠇⠕⠎⠕⠏⠓⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠙⠕⠉⠞⠗⠔⠑⠎⠀⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠇⠑⠁⠙⠬⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠻⠎
⠀⠍⠁⠽⠂⠀⠮⠗⠑⠿⠑⠂⠀⠃⠑⠀⠞⠁⠅⠢⠀⠵⠀⠗⠑⠏⠗⠑⠎⠢⠞⠁⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠀⠷⠀
⠮⠀⠸⠎⠀⠷⠀⠸⠮⠀⠁⠛⠑⠲⠀⠠⠱⠢⠀⠠⠙⠜⠺⠔⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠍⠊⠙⠙⠇⠑⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀
⠇⠁⠌⠀⠀⠉⠢⠞⠥⠗⠽⠀⠏⠥⠃⠇⠊⠩⠫⠀⠦⠀⠙⠕⠉⠞⠗⠔⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀
⠑⠧⠕⠇⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠌⠗⠥⠛⠛⠇⠑⠀⠿⠀⠀⠑⠭⠊⠌⠢⠉⠑⠀⠯⠀⠮⠀
⠊⠝⠋⠇⠥⠢⠉⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀⠇⠊⠧⠬⠀⠉⠕⠝⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠘⠥⠀⠎⠥⠗⠧⠊⠧⠁⠇⠀
⠷⠀⠀⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠑⠎⠂⠀⠏⠓⠊⠇⠕⠎⠕⠏⠓⠽⠀⠞⠥⠗⠝⠫⠀⠁⠺⠁⠽⠀⠋⠀⠮⠀
⠥⠞⠊⠇⠊⠞⠜⠊⠁⠝⠊⠎⠍⠀⠯⠀⠞⠕⠇⠻⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠀⠷⠀⠠⠓⠁⠍⠊⠇⠞⠕⠝⠂⠀
⠠⠓⠥⠍⠑⠂⠀⠯⠀⠠⠍⠊⠇⠇⠀⠯⠀⠮⠀⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠧⠊⠎⠍⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠠⠋⠗⠢⠡⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠀⠮⠀⠎⠽⠝⠮⠞⠊⠉⠀⠑⠧⠕⠇⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠊⠎⠍⠀⠷⠀⠠⠓⠻⠃⠻⠞⠀
⠠⠎⠏⠢⠉⠻⠲⠀⠠⠐⠕⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠃⠁⠎⠊⠉⠀⠀⠞⠑⠁⠡⠬⠎⠀⠷⠀⠠⠎⠏⠢⠉⠻⠀⠴
⠀⠮⠀⠗⠑⠇⠁⠞⠊⠧⠊⠞⠽⠀⠷⠀⠅⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠎⠎⠀⠷⠀⠀⠹⠔⠅⠬⠀
⠊⠝⠧⠕⠇⠧⠑⠎⠀⠗⠑⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠻⠢⠉⠑⠂⠀⠯⠀⠇⠊⠅⠢⠑⠎⠎⠲⠀
⠠⠹⠊⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠍⠻⠑⠇⠽⠀⠀⠗⠑⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠬⠲⠀⠠⠮⠗⠑⠿⠑⠀⠝⠕⠀
⠹⠳⠛⠓⠞⠀⠉⠀⠑⠧⠻⠀⠑⠭⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠀⠍⠀⠹⠁⠝⠀⠗⠑⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠮
⠀⠏⠗⠊⠍⠜⠽⠀⠁⠉⠞⠀⠷⠀⠹⠳⠛⠓⠞⠀⠹⠗⠳⠛⠓⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠺⠑⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠻
⠀⠇⠊⠅⠢⠑⠎⠎⠀⠯⠀⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠻⠢⠉⠑⠀⠥⠝⠙⠻⠇⠊⠑⠎⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠅⠲
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠀⠗⠑⠁⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠁⠛⠁⠔⠌⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀⠑⠍⠏⠊⠗⠊⠉⠊⠎⠍

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.