Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / How to Use the Popular Science Library; History of Science; General Index / Braille

How to Use the Popular Science Library; History of Science; General Index ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

1,124,526 braille cells · 1,175 embossed pages at 40×25 · 3,762 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠠⠊⠝⠌⠗⠥⠍⠢⠞⠎⠀⠯⠀⠍⠑⠹⠕⠙⠎⠀⠶⠀⠙⠑⠧⠊⠎⠫⠀⠀⠿⠀⠍⠑⠁⠎⠥⠗⠬⠀
⠁⠝⠽⠀⠞⠑⠍⠏⠻⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠱⠑⠮⠗⠀⠷⠀⠓⠊⠛⠓⠀⠋⠥⠗⠝⠁⠉⠑⠀⠛⠁⠎⠑⠎
⠀⠕⠗⠀⠇⠪⠀⠀⠋⠗⠑⠑⠵⠬⠀⠍⠊⠭⠞⠥⠗⠑⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠮⠀⠍⠑⠁⠎⠥⠗⠬⠀
⠥⠝⠊⠞⠎⠀⠷⠀⠍⠁⠎⠎⠂⠀⠇⠢⠛⠹⠂⠀⠐⠞⠂⠀⠯⠀⠞⠑⠍⠏⠻⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑
⠀⠀⠋⠥⠝⠙⠁⠍⠢⠞⠁⠇⠂⠀⠕⠮⠗⠎⠀⠇⠀⠧⠑⠇⠕⠉⠊⠞⠽⠂⠀
⠁⠉⠉⠑⠇⠻⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠏⠪⠻⠂⠀⠯⠀⠁⠗⠑⠁⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠀⠗⠑⠋⠻⠗⠫⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠮⠍⠲⠀⠠⠿⠀⠞⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠀⠮⠀⠇⠁⠞⠞⠻⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠫⠀⠙⠻⠊⠧⠫⠀
⠥⠝⠊⠞⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠸⠍⠀⠷⠀⠘⠮⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠞⠀⠯⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠀⠿⠀
⠁⠉⠉⠥⠗⠁⠞⠑⠀⠙⠑⠞⠻⠍⠔⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠐⠕⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠋⠊⠗⠌⠀
⠁⠡⠊⠑⠧⠑⠍⠢⠞⠎⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠉⠢⠞⠥⠗⠽⠀⠴⠀⠮⠀⠑⠌⠁⠃⠇⠊⠩⠍⠢⠞⠀⠷⠀⠀
⠮⠀⠙⠕⠉⠞⠗⠔⠑⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠻⠧⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠑⠝⠻⠛⠽⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠋⠗⠁⠝⠉⠊⠎⠀⠠⠃⠁⠉⠕⠝⠀⠸⠓⠀⠎⠥⠛⠛⠑⠌⠫⠀⠞⠀⠍⠕⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁
⠀⠏⠓⠢⠕⠍⠢⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠓⠑⠁⠞⠂⠀⠯⠀⠀⠠⠝⠑⠺⠞⠕⠝⠀⠸⠓⠀⠙⠊⠧⠔⠫⠀⠮⠀
⠏⠗⠔⠉⠊⠏⠇⠑⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠻⠧⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠑⠝⠻⠛⠽⠂⠀⠃⠀⠀⠭⠀⠴
⠀⠠⠃⠢⠚⠁⠍⠔⠀⠠⠹⠕⠍⠏⠎⠕⠝⠂⠀⠠⠉⠳⠝⠞⠀⠠⠗⠥⠍⠿⠙⠂⠀⠱⠕⠀
⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠻⠫⠀⠮⠀⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠷⠀⠀⠋⠗⠊⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠯⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠮⠀
⠋⠊⠗⠌⠀⠑⠌⠊⠍⠁⠞⠑⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠍⠑⠡⠁⠝⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠑⠟⠥⠊⠧⠁⠇⠢⠞⠀⠷⠀⠀
⠓⠑⠁⠞⠲⠀⠠⠎⠊⠗⠀⠠⠓⠥⠍⠏⠓⠗⠽⠀⠠⠙⠁⠧⠽⠀⠩⠪⠫⠀⠞⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀
⠏⠊⠑⠉⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀⠊⠉⠑⠀⠉⠳⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀⠍⠑⠇⠞⠫⠀⠃⠽⠀⠀⠎⠊⠍⠏⠇⠽⠀
⠗⠥⠃⠃⠬⠀⠮⠍⠀⠞⠕⠛⠑⠮⠗⠂⠀⠔⠀⠁⠀⠧⠁⠉⠥⠥⠍⠲⠀⠠⠃⠀⠓⠑⠀⠋⠁⠊⠇⠫
⠀⠞⠕⠀⠙⠗⠁⠺⠀⠮⠀⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠊⠝⠋⠻⠢⠉⠑⠀⠞⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠑⠭⠏⠻⠊⠍⠢⠞
⠀⠺⠜⠗⠁⠝⠞⠫⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠋⠀⠓⠑⠀⠸⠓⠀⠕⠃⠎⠻⠧⠫⠀⠞⠀⠮⠀⠓⠑⠁⠞⠀
⠉⠳⠇⠙⠀⠝⠀⠓⠀⠃⠑⠢⠀⠎⠥⠏⠏⠇⠊⠫⠀⠃⠽⠀⠮⠀⠀⠊⠉⠑⠀⠃⠑⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠀
⠊⠉⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠝⠀⠁⠃⠎⠕⠗⠃⠻⠀⠷⠀⠓⠑⠁⠞⠂⠀⠓⠑⠀⠺⠳⠇⠙⠀⠓⠀
⠁⠝⠞⠊⠉⠊⠏⠁⠞⠫⠀⠮⠀⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠐⠺⠀⠙⠕⠝⠑⠀⠃⠽⠀⠠⠚⠁⠍⠑⠎⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.