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How to Use the Popular Science Library; History of Science; General Index ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

1,124,526 braille cells · 1,175 embossed pages at 40×25 · 3,762 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠊⠝⠧⠑⠌⠊⠛⠁⠞⠕⠗⠎⠀⠇⠫⠀⠞⠕⠀⠊⠍⠏⠗⠕⠧⠫⠀⠍⠑⠹⠕⠙⠎⠀⠀⠷⠀
⠝⠁⠧⠊⠛⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠝⠁⠥⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠎⠥⠗⠧⠑⠽⠬⠂⠀⠎⠳⠝⠙⠬⠀⠯⠀
⠩⠊⠏⠃⠥⠊⠇⠙⠬⠂⠀⠃⠑⠎⠊⠙⠑⠎⠀⠀⠎⠥⠏⠏⠇⠽⠬⠀⠁⠝⠀⠑⠝⠕⠗⠍⠳⠎⠀
⠁⠍⠳⠝⠞⠀⠷⠀⠎⠉⠊⠢⠞⠊⠋⠊⠉⠀⠙⠁⠞⠁⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠮⠀⠠⠃⠗⠊⠞⠊⠩⠀
⠝⠁⠧⠁⠇⠀⠁⠥⠹⠕⠗⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠏⠕⠔⠞⠫⠀⠕⠥⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠠⠅⠬⠀⠠⠡⠜⠇⠑⠎
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⠠⠋⠇⠁⠍⠌⠑⠫⠂⠀⠐⠕⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠇⠑⠁⠙⠬⠀⠁⠌⠗⠕⠝⠕⠍⠻⠎⠀⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀
⠙⠁⠽⠂⠀⠴⠀⠁⠏⠏⠕⠔⠞⠫⠀⠠⠁⠌⠗⠕⠝⠕⠍⠻⠀⠠⠗⠕⠽⠁⠇⠀⠔⠀⠼⠁⠋⠛⠑⠂
⠀⠾⠀⠮⠀⠙⠑⠋⠔⠊⠞⠑⠀⠀⠕⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠀⠷⠀⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠬⠀⠁⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀
⠉⠁⠞⠁⠇⠕⠛⠥⠑⠀⠷⠀⠌⠜⠀⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀⠞⠊⠙⠑⠀⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠎⠂⠀⠯
⠀⠀⠕⠮⠗⠀⠝⠁⠥⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠙⠁⠞⠁⠲⠀⠠⠓⠑⠀⠊⠍⠍⠫⠊⠁⠞⠑⠇⠽⠀
⠋⠳⠝⠙⠫⠀⠮⠀⠠⠛⠗⠑⠢⠺⠊⠡⠀⠕⠃⠎⠻⠧⠁⠞⠕⠗⠽⠂⠀⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀
⠎⠥⠏⠏⠇⠊⠫⠀⠮⠀⠸⠺⠀⠾⠀⠙⠁⠞⠁⠀⠿⠀⠮⠀⠝⠁⠧⠊⠛⠁⠞⠕⠗⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠃⠗⠁⠙⠇⠑⠽⠂⠀⠁⠀⠎⠥⠉⠉⠑⠎⠎⠕⠗⠀⠷⠀⠠⠋⠇⠁⠍⠌⠑⠫⠀⠁⠞⠀
⠠⠛⠗⠑⠢⠺⠊⠡⠂⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠸⠍⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠞⠀⠀⠁⠌⠗⠕⠝⠕⠍⠊⠉⠁⠇
⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠻⠊⠑⠎⠀⠱⠊⠇⠑⠀⠉⠜⠗⠽⠬⠀⠕⠝⠀⠮⠀⠌⠜⠀⠍⠁⠏⠎⠲⠀⠠⠓⠑
⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠻⠫⠀⠀⠮⠀⠁⠃⠻⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠯⠀⠮⠀
⠍⠥⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠑⠜⠹⠄⠎⠀⠁⠭⠊⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠇⠕⠉⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑⠀
⠌⠥⠙⠊⠫⠀⠮⠀⠏⠜⠁⠇⠇⠁⠭⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠎⠥⠝⠀⠯⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠝⠥⠍⠻⠳⠎⠀
⠌⠑⠇⠇⠜⠀⠀⠕⠃⠎⠻⠧⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀⠮⠀⠠⠉⠁⠏⠑⠀⠷⠀⠠⠛⠕⠕⠙⠀
⠠⠓⠕⠏⠑⠀⠔⠀⠼⠁⠛⠑⠁⠲⠀⠠⠓⠑⠀⠇⠕⠉⠁⠞⠫⠀⠮⠀⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠀⠷
⠀⠼⠁⠚⠂⠚⠚⠚⠀⠌⠜⠎⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠎⠳⠮⠗⠝⠀⠓⠑⠍⠊⠎⠏⠓⠻⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠍⠑⠁⠎⠥⠗⠑⠍⠢⠞⠎⠀⠶⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠔⠀⠠⠏⠻⠥⠂⠀⠠⠇⠁⠏⠇⠯⠂⠀⠯⠀
⠑⠇⠎⠑⠱⠻⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠻⠀⠀⠙⠁⠞⠁⠀⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙⠬⠀⠮⠀⠑⠜⠹⠄⠎⠀
⠉⠥⠗⠧⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠲⠀⠠⠏⠢⠙⠥⠇⠥⠍⠀⠕⠃⠎⠻⠧⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.