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How to Use the Popular Science Library; History of Science; General Index ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

1,124,526 braille cells · 1,175 embossed pages at 40×25 · 3,762 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠎⠎⠀⠯⠀⠎⠥⠉⠉⠑⠫⠫⠀⠔⠀⠀⠍⠁⠅⠬⠀⠡⠁⠇⠅⠀⠋⠀⠁⠀
⠎⠕⠇⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠇⠊⠍⠑⠲⠀⠠⠹⠊⠎⠀⠎⠊⠍⠏⠇⠑⠀⠑⠭⠏⠻⠊⠍⠢⠞⠀
⠏⠁⠧⠫⠀⠮⠀⠀⠺⠁⠽⠀⠿⠀⠡⠑⠍⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠁⠝⠁⠇⠽⠎⠊⠎⠀⠯⠀⠎⠽⠝⠮⠎⠑⠎
⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠓⠀⠁⠙⠙⠫⠀⠏⠗⠷⠳⠝⠙⠇⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠅⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠍⠁⠞⠞⠻⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠃⠻⠛⠍⠁⠝⠀⠞⠑⠌⠫⠀
⠠⠃⠇⠁⠉⠅⠄⠎⠀⠛⠁⠎⠀⠾⠀⠇⠊⠞⠍⠥⠎⠀⠯⠀⠋⠳⠝⠙⠀⠭⠀⠛⠁⠧⠑⠀⠁⠝⠀
⠁⠉⠊⠙⠀⠀⠗⠑⠁⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠯⠀⠔⠀⠼⠁⠛⠛⠊⠀⠠⠇⠁⠧⠕⠊⠎⠊⠻⠀
⠙⠑⠍⠕⠝⠌⠗⠁⠞⠫⠀⠞⠀⠭⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠌⠫⠀⠷⠀⠉⠜⠃⠕⠝⠀⠀⠯⠀⠕⠭⠽⠛⠢⠲
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠏⠗⠊⠑⠌⠇⠑⠽⠀⠯⠀⠠⠉⠁⠧⠢⠙⠊⠩⠂⠀⠃⠕⠹⠀⠠⠑⠝⠛⠇⠊⠩⠀
⠡⠑⠍⠊⠌⠎⠂⠀⠮⠝⠀⠞⠕⠕⠅⠀⠥⠏⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠀⠌⠥⠙⠽⠲⠀⠠⠉⠁⠧⠢⠙⠊⠩⠀
⠞⠗⠑⠁⠞⠫⠀⠊⠗⠕⠝⠂⠀⠞⠔⠂⠀⠵⠔⠉⠂⠀⠯⠀⠕⠮⠗⠀⠍⠑⠞⠁⠇⠎⠀⠾⠀⠀
⠎⠥⠇⠏⠓⠥⠗⠊⠉⠀⠁⠉⠊⠙⠀⠯⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠻⠫⠀⠁⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀⠛⠁⠎⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀
⠓⠑⠀⠞⠻⠍⠫⠀⠓⠽⠙⠗⠕⠛⠢⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠗⠥⠮⠗⠿⠙⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠻⠫⠀
⠝⠊⠞⠗⠕⠛⠢⠀⠔⠀⠼⠁⠛⠛⠃⠀⠯⠀⠠⠏⠗⠊⠑⠌⠇⠑⠽⠀⠊⠎⠕⠇⠁⠞⠫⠀
⠝⠊⠞⠗⠊⠉⠀⠀⠕⠭⠊⠙⠑⠂⠀⠯⠀⠔⠀⠼⠁⠛⠛⠙⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠻⠫⠀⠕⠭⠽⠛⠢⠲
⠀⠠⠔⠀⠮⠀⠉⠳⠗⠎⠑⠀⠷⠀⠦⠀⠑⠭⠏⠻⠊⠍⠢⠞⠀⠀⠠⠏⠗⠊⠑⠌⠇⠑⠽⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕
⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠻⠫⠀⠁⠍⠍⠕⠝⠊⠁⠂⠀⠎⠥⠇⠏⠓⠥⠗⠀⠙⠊⠕⠭⠊⠙⠑⠀⠯⠀⠕⠮⠗
⠀⠡⠑⠍⠊⠉⠁⠇⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠦⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠑⠌⠀⠁⠡⠊⠑⠧⠑⠍⠢⠞⠎⠂⠀
⠓⠪⠑⠧⠻⠂⠀⠶⠀⠮⠀⠊⠎⠕⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠯⠀⠗⠑⠉⠕⠛⠝⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠀⠷⠀
⠕⠭⠽⠛⠢⠂⠀⠯⠀⠮⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠻⠽⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀
⠺⠁⠞⠻⠲⠀⠠⠋⠕⠇⠇⠪⠬⠀⠥⠏⠀⠀⠘⠮⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠻⠊⠑⠎⠂⠀⠓⠑⠀⠝⠕⠞⠫
⠀⠞⠀⠮⠀⠁⠊⠗⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠀⠁⠀⠎⠊⠍⠏⠇⠑⠀⠑⠇⠑⠍⠢⠞⠜⠽⠀⠀
⠎⠥⠃⠌⠁⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀⠃⠀⠁⠀⠍⠊⠭⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠷⠀⠝⠊⠞⠗⠕⠛⠢⠀⠯⠀⠕⠭⠽⠛⠢⠀
⠾⠀⠎⠑⠧⠻⠁⠇⠀⠊⠍⠏⠥⠗⠑⠀⠀⠛⠁⠎⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀⠐⠺⠀⠷⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀
⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠡⠑⠍⠊⠌⠀⠃⠑⠉⠁⠍⠑⠀⠵⠀⠋⠗⠥⠊⠞⠋⠥⠇⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.