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How to Use the Popular Science Library; History of Science; General Index ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

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1,228,378 braille cells · 1,293 embossed pages at 40×25 · 3,762 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠼⠃⠑⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠵⠥⠗⠊⠞⠑⠂⠀⠊⠊⠊⠂⠀⠼⠉⠃⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠃⠁⠁⠇⠂⠀⠠⠏⠓⠝⠊⠉⠊⠁⠝⠀⠎⠥⠝⠤⠛⠕⠙⠂⠀⠊⠊⠂⠀⠼⠃⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠃⠁⠃⠁⠅⠕⠞⠕⠎⠂⠀⠭⠊⠊⠂⠀⠼⠉⠛⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠃⠁⠃⠕⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀
⠭⠊⠊⠂⠀⠼⠉⠛⠊⠤⠓⠁⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠏⠗⠊⠍⠁⠞⠑⠎⠂⠀⠼⠉⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠃⠁⠃⠽⠇⠕⠝⠂⠀⠺⠊⠝⠙⠤⠃⠇⠕⠺⠝⠀⠎⠁⠝⠙⠀⠕⠧⠑⠗⠂⠀⠊⠊⠊⠂⠀
⠼⠛⠑⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠺⠕⠗⠇⠙⠀⠍⠑⠞⠗⠕⠏⠕⠇⠊⠎⠂⠀⠭⠧⠊⠂⠀⠼⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠃⠁⠃⠽⠇⠕⠝⠊⠁⠝⠀⠠⠇⠁⠝⠛⠥⠁⠛⠑⠂⠀⠭⠧⠂⠀⠼⠁⠋⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠃⠁⠃⠽⠇⠕⠝⠊⠁⠝⠎⠂⠀⠁⠎⠞⠗⠕⠝⠕⠍⠽⠀⠕⠋⠂⠀⠊⠊⠂⠀⠼⠁⠊⠤⠃⠁⠂⠀
⠭⠧⠊⠂⠀⠼⠑⠋⠂⠀⠼⠑⠛⠤⠓⠂⠀⠼⠋⠁⠤⠃⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠥⠝⠑⠊⠋⠕⠗⠍⠀
⠺⠗⠊⠞⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠭⠧⠂⠀⠼⠁⠛⠙⠂⠀⠼⠁⠛⠑⠀⠶⠋⠊⠛⠲⠶⠂⠀⠭⠧⠊⠂⠀
⠼⠋⠚⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠑⠃⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠛⠗⠑⠑⠅⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠑⠛⠽⠏⠞⠊⠁⠝⠎
⠀⠞⠕⠂⠀⠼⠋⠉⠂⠀⠼⠋⠋⠂⠀⠼⠋⠊⠂⠀⠼⠛⠚⠂⠀⠼⠛⠁⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠓⠁⠍⠍⠥⠗⠁⠃⠊⠉⠀⠉⠕⠙⠑⠂⠀⠼⠋⠉⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠓⠊⠎⠞⠕⠗⠽⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠉⠊⠧⠊⠇⠊⠵⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠼⠑⠁⠤⠉⠂⠀⠼⠑⠑⠂⠀⠼⠋⠃⠤⠉⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠊⠙⠑⠁⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠕⠎⠍⠕⠎⠂⠀⠼⠛⠛⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠍⠁⠛⠊⠉⠀⠕⠋⠂⠀⠼⠑⠊⠆
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠍⠁⠞⠓⠑⠍⠁⠞⠊⠉⠎⠂⠀⠼⠋⠁⠂⠀⠼⠋⠃⠂⠀⠼⠁⠚⠉⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠍⠑⠙⠊⠉⠊⠝⠑⠀⠕⠋⠂⠀⠭⠂⠀⠼⠁⠙⠂⠀⠼⠁⠑⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀
⠗⠑⠍⠁⠗⠅⠎⠀⠕⠝⠂⠀⠭⠊⠧⠂⠀⠼⠊⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠃⠁⠃⠽⠗⠕⠥⠎⠎⠁⠂⠀
⠭⠊⠊⠂⠀⠼⠉⠁⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠃⠁⠉⠊⠇⠇⠊⠂⠀⠭⠂⠀⠼⠁⠊⠑⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠧⠁⠗⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀⠙⠊⠎⠑⠁⠎⠑⠎⠂⠀⠼⠁⠙⠊⠂⠀⠼⠁⠋⠑⠤⠋⠂⠀⠼⠃⠊⠃⠂
⠀⠼⠃⠊⠑⠂⠀⠼⠃⠊⠋⠂⠀⠼⠃⠊⠓⠤⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠃⠁⠉⠅⠎⠞⠁⠽⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠠⠎⠥⠝⠂⠀⠊⠂⠀⠼⠁⠋⠊⠂⠀⠼⠉⠋⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠃⠁⠉⠕⠝⠂⠀
⠉⠁⠇⠕⠗⠊⠑⠎⠀⠊⠝⠂⠀⠊⠭⠂⠀⠼⠃⠊⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠃⠁⠉⠕⠝⠂⠀
⠠⠋⠗⠁⠝⠉⠊⠎⠂⠀⠑⠧⠕⠇⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠝⠀⠞⠕⠂⠀⠭⠂⠀⠼⠁⠉⠋⠆⠀⠀
⠠⠓⠁⠗⠧⠑⠽⠄⠎⠀⠎⠍⠁⠇⠇⠀⠑⠎⠞⠑⠑⠍⠀⠋⠕⠗⠂⠀⠼⠋⠋⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.