Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Five of Maxwell's Papers / Braille

Five of Maxwell's Papers ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

85,603 braille cells · 91 embossed pages at 40×25 · 59 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠠⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠁⠇⠀⠞⠕⠀⠑⠭⠏⠑⠉⠞⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠇⠑⠙⠛⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠏⠓⠽⠎⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀
⠕⠃⠞⠁⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠍⠃⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠥⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠍⠁⠞⠓⠑⠍⠁⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠁⠝⠁⠇⠽⠎⠊⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠑⠭⠏⠑⠗⠊⠍⠑⠝⠞⠁⠇⠀
⠗⠑⠎⠑⠁⠗⠉⠓⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠎⠕⠇⠊⠙⠂⠀
⠁⠧⠁⠊⠇⠁⠃⠇⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠑⠝⠙⠥⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠅⠊⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀
⠏⠕⠎⠎⠑⠎⠎⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠑⠗⠑⠀⠍⠁⠞⠓⠑⠍⠁⠞⠊⠉⠊⠁⠝⠀⠕⠗⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠑⠗⠑⠀⠑⠭⠏⠑⠗⠊⠍⠑⠝⠞⠑⠗⠲⠀⠀⠠⠃⠥⠞⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀
⠃⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠥⠝⠊⠧⠑⠗⠎⠊⠞⠽⠂⠀⠊⠋⠀⠍⠑⠝
⠀⠠⠏⠥⠗⠎⠥⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠉⠕⠥⠗⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠗⠑⠁⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀
⠓⠁⠎⠀⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠑⠙⠀⠎⠕⠀⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀⠙⠊⠎⠞⠊⠝⠛⠥⠊⠎⠓⠑⠙⠀
⠠⠺⠗⠁⠝⠛⠇⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀⠞⠥⠗⠝⠀⠁⠎⠊⠙⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠀
⠑⠭⠏⠑⠗⠊⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠦⠀⠀⠠⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠁⠞⠞⠑⠝⠙⠁⠝⠉⠑
⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠇⠁⠃⠕⠗⠁⠞⠕⠗⠽⠀⠉⠕⠥⠝⠞⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠍⠑⠗⠑⠇⠽⠀⠁⠎⠀
⠞⠊⠍⠑⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠙⠗⠁⠺⠝⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀
⠇⠑⠛⠊⠞⠊⠍⠁⠞⠑⠀⠎⠞⠥⠙⠊⠑⠎⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠊⠝⠞⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀⠙⠊⠎⠞⠥⠗⠃⠊⠝⠛⠀⠑⠇⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠂⠀
⠞⠁⠊⠝⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠍⠁⠞⠓⠑⠍⠁⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠉⠕⠝⠉⠑⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀
⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠍⠁⠞⠑⠗⠊⠁⠇⠀⠊⠍⠁⠛⠑⠗⠽⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠁⠏⠏⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗
⠀⠋⠁⠊⠞⠓⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠥⠇⠁⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠑⠭⠞⠃⠕⠕⠅⠦⠀
⠠⠃⠑⠎⠊⠙⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠂⠀⠺⠑⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠁⠇⠗⠑⠁⠙⠽⠀⠓⠑⠁⠗⠙⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠁⠊⠝⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠥⠝⠙⠥⠑⠀⠑⠭⠞⠑⠝⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠕⠥⠗
⠀⠎⠞⠥⠙⠊⠑⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠞⠗⠁⠊⠝⠀⠏⠥⠞⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠕⠥⠗
⠀⠟⠥⠑⠎⠞⠊⠕⠝⠊⠎⠞⠎⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠑⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠇⠑⠁⠗⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠞⠗⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀⠉⠁⠗⠗⠽⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.