Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Philosophy / A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy / Braille

A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

519,026 braille cells · 551 embossed pages at 40×25 · 3,491 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠠⠁⠞⠀⠁⠀⠉⠑⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝⠀⠎⠞⠁⠛⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠙⠑⠧⠑⠇⠕⠏⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠎⠎⠀⠀⠕⠋⠀⠑⠭⠉⠓⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠑⠉⠑⠎⠎⠊⠞⠽⠀
⠁⠗⠊⠎⠑⠎⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠁⠀⠏⠕⠇⠁⠗⠀⠙⠊⠎⠞⠗⠊⠃⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀
⠋⠥⠝⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠑⠭⠉⠓⠁⠝⠛⠑⠀⠧⠁⠇⠥⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠥⠎⠑⠤⠧⠁⠇⠥⠑⠀⠁⠍⠕⠝⠛⠀⠉⠕⠍⠍⠕⠙⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠂⠀⠎⠕⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠀
⠕⠝⠑⠀⠉⠕⠍⠍⠕⠙⠊⠞⠽⠀⠑⠲⠀⠛⠲⠀⠎⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠁⠉⠞⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀
⠍⠑⠙⠊⠥⠍⠀⠕⠋⠀⠑⠭⠉⠓⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠇⠑⠀⠁⠝⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠇⠊⠑⠝⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠥⠎⠑⠤⠧⠁⠇⠥⠑⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠝⠑⠉⠑⠎⠎⠊⠞⠽⠀⠃⠗⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀⠊⠞⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠕⠗⠀
⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀⠎⠑⠧⠑⠗⠁⠇⠀⠉⠕⠍⠍⠕⠙⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠏⠕⠎⠎⠑⠎⠎⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠁⠉⠉⠑⠏⠞⠑⠙⠀⠀⠥⠎⠑⠤⠧⠁⠇⠥⠑⠂⠀
⠃⠑⠛⠊⠝⠂⠀⠊⠝⠉⠊⠙⠑⠝⠞⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠁⠞⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀⠏⠇⠁⠽⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠕⠝⠑⠽⠲⠀⠀⠠⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀⠊⠋⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠙⠊⠗⠑⠉⠞⠀
⠍⠑⠁⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠁⠞⠊⠎⠋⠽⠊⠝⠛⠀⠑⠭⠊⠎⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠺⠁⠝⠞⠎⠂⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠑⠗⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀
⠍⠁⠞⠑⠗⠊⠁⠇⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠊⠞⠥⠑⠝⠞⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠺⠑⠁⠇⠞⠓⠂⠀
⠊⠝⠎⠥⠗⠑⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠀⠀⠁⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠇⠀
⠉⠓⠁⠗⠁⠉⠞⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠥⠎⠑⠤⠧⠁⠇⠥⠑⠎⠲⠀
⠠⠙⠊⠗⠑⠉⠞⠀⠃⠁⠗⠞⠑⠗⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠗⠊⠛⠊⠝⠁⠇⠀⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠁⠇⠀
⠋⠕⠗⠍⠀⠕⠋⠀⠑⠭⠉⠓⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂⠀⠗⠑⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠗⠁⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠃⠑⠛⠊⠝⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠗⠁⠝⠎⠋⠕⠗⠍⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠥⠎⠑⠤⠧⠁⠇⠥⠑⠎⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠉⠕⠍⠍⠕⠙⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠂⠀⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠉⠕⠍⠍⠕⠙⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠍⠕⠝⠑⠽⠲⠀⠠⠑⠭⠉⠓⠁⠝⠛⠑⠀
⠧⠁⠇⠥⠑⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠁⠎⠀⠽⠑⠞⠀⠝⠕⠀⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠀⠕⠋⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠕⠺⠝⠂⠀
⠃⠥⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠎⠞⠊⠇⠇⠀⠙⠊⠗⠑⠉⠞⠇⠽⠀⠃⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠥⠏⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.