Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Philosophy / The Art of Logical Thinking; Or, The Laws of Reasoning / Braille

The Art of Logical Thinking; Or, The Laws of Reasoning ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

209,618 braille cells · 222 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,308 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠑⠭⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠕⠃⠎⠉⠥⠗⠑⠂⠀⠋⠊⠛⠥⠗⠁⠞⠊⠧⠑⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠀
⠁⠍⠃⠊⠛⠥⠕⠥⠎⠀⠇⠁⠝⠛⠥⠁⠛⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠑⠲⠀⠠⠁⠀⠙⠑⠋⠊⠝⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝
⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠃⠑⠀⠝⠑⠛⠁⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠊⠞⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠁⠋⠋⠊⠗⠍⠁⠞⠊⠧⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠀⠉⠕⠗⠗⠑⠉⠞⠀⠙⠑⠋⠊⠝⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀
⠝⠑⠉⠑⠎⠎⠁⠗⠊⠇⠽⠀⠗⠑⠟⠥⠊⠗⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠁⠝⠊⠋⠑⠎⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠀⠗⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠎⠎⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠠⠁⠝⠁⠇⠽⠎⠊⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠎⠽⠝⠞⠓⠑⠎⠊⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠝⠁⠇⠽⠎⠊⠎⠀
⠊⠎⠀⠁⠀⠞⠑⠗⠍⠀⠙⠑⠝⠕⠞⠊⠝⠛⠒⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠑⠏⠁⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠁⠝⠽⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠊⠞⠥⠑⠝⠞⠀⠑⠇⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠂
⠀⠟⠥⠁⠇⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠂⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠑⠗⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠞⠞⠗⠊⠃⠥⠞⠑⠎⠲⠀
⠠⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠎⠑⠑⠝⠀⠀⠁⠞⠀⠕⠝⠉⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠕⠗⠙⠑⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠉⠕⠗⠗⠑⠉⠞⠇⠽⠀⠙⠑⠋⠊⠝⠑⠀⠁⠝⠀⠕⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠂⠀⠏⠑⠗⠎⠕⠝⠀⠕⠗⠀
⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠊⠞⠀⠀⠊⠎⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀⠝⠑⠉⠑⠎⠎⠁⠗⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠝⠁⠇⠽⠵⠑
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠁⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠊⠝⠀⠕⠗⠙⠑⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠏⠑⠗⠉⠑⠊⠧⠑⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠀
⠑⠎⠎⠑⠝⠞⠊⠁⠇⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠉⠉⠊⠙⠑⠝⠞⠁⠇⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠑⠗⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠕⠗⠀
⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠉⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠥⠝⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠟⠥⠁⠇⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠂⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠏⠑⠗⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠞⠞⠗⠊⠃⠥⠞⠑⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠉⠇⠑⠁⠗⠇⠽⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠋⠥⠇⠇⠽⠀⠏⠑⠗⠉⠑⠊⠧⠑⠙⠂⠀⠺⠑⠀⠀⠉⠁⠝⠝⠕⠞⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠑⠗⠇⠽
⠀⠙⠑⠋⠊⠝⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠀⠊⠞⠎⠑⠇⠋⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠎⠽⠝⠞⠓⠑⠎⠊⠎
⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠀⠞⠑⠗⠍⠀⠙⠑⠝⠕⠞⠊⠝⠛⠒⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠉⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠚⠕⠊⠝⠊⠝⠛
⠀⠕⠗⠀⠏⠥⠞⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠕⠗⠀⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀
⠞⠕⠛⠑⠞⠓⠑⠗⠆⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠇⠕⠛⠊⠉⠒⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠕⠏⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠗⠑⠎⠕⠇⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠗⠀⠁⠝⠁⠇⠽⠎⠊⠎⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀
⠎⠞⠁⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠀⠙⠑⠋⠊⠝⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠺⠑⠀⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.