Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Philosophy / The Art of Logical Thinking; Or, The Laws of Reasoning / Braille

The Art of Logical Thinking; Or, The Laws of Reasoning ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

209,618 braille cells · 222 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,308 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠃⠕⠕⠅⠲⠀⠠⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠕⠂⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀⠠⠊⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠀⠁⠀⠀⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛
⠀⠁⠀⠃⠕⠕⠅⠀⠊⠞⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠏⠕⠎⠎⠑⠎⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠊⠙⠀
⠟⠥⠁⠇⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠁⠝⠙⠂⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀⠠⠊⠀⠀⠉⠕⠍⠃⠊⠝⠑⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠙⠑⠁⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠟⠥⠁⠇⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠞⠂
⠀⠠⠊⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠞⠓⠊⠝⠅⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀⠀⠃⠕⠕⠅⠲⠀⠠⠁⠎⠀⠠⠚⠑⠧⠕⠝⠎⠀
⠎⠁⠽⠎⠒⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠗⠑⠁⠇⠊⠞⠽⠂⠀⠑⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠕⠗⠙⠊⠝⠁⠗⠽⠀
⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠇⠀⠞⠑⠗⠍⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠀⠙⠕⠥⠃⠇⠑⠀⠍⠑⠁⠝⠊⠝⠛⠒⠀⠊⠞⠀
⠍⠑⠁⠝⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠏⠏⠇⠊⠑⠙⠂
⠀⠲⠲⠲⠀⠊⠞⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠀⠍⠑⠁⠝⠎⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠀⠞⠕⠞⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀
⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠞⠀⠺⠁⠽⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠟⠥⠁⠇⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠏⠑⠉⠥⠇⠊⠁⠗⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠀⠊⠍⠏⠇⠊⠑⠙⠀⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠎⠲⠀⠠⠇⠕⠛⠊⠉⠊⠁⠝⠎⠀⠎⠁⠽⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠥⠍⠃⠑⠗⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠀⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠁⠀⠞⠑⠗⠍⠀⠁⠏⠏⠇⠊⠑⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠭⠞⠑⠝⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠑⠗⠍⠆⠀⠺⠓⠊⠇⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀
⠝⠥⠍⠃⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠟⠥⠁⠇⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠕⠗⠀⠏⠑⠉⠥⠇⠊⠁⠗⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀
⠊⠍⠏⠇⠊⠑⠙⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠝⠎⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠑⠭⠞⠑⠝⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠝⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠑⠗⠍⠎⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀
⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠗⠑⠋⠑⠗⠗⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠏⠗⠑⠧⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀
⠉⠓⠁⠏⠞⠑⠗⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠇⠀⠉⠇⠁⠎⠎⠊⠋⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠑⠛⠗⠑⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀⠑⠭⠞⠑⠝⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠇⠀
⠞⠑⠗⠍⠀⠊⠎⠀⠑⠭⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠞⠑⠗⠍⠎⠂⠀
⠠⠛⠑⠝⠥⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀⠠⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠑⠎⠂⠀⠗⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠊⠧⠑⠇⠽⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠉⠇⠁⠎⠎⠊⠋⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠓⠁⠗⠁⠉⠞⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠊⠝⠞⠑⠝⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀⠞⠑⠗⠍⠀⠊⠎⠀⠑⠭⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠞⠑⠗⠍⠂⠀⠠⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀⠀⠠⠏⠗⠕⠏⠑⠗⠞⠽⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.