Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Mathematics / The Psychology of Arithmetic / Braille

The Psychology of Arithmetic ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

536,202 braille cells · 555 embossed pages at 40×25 · 8,503 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠞⠓⠊⠗⠞⠽⠤⠑⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠑⠭⠁⠍⠏⠇⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠝⠞⠊⠗⠑⠀
⠞⠑⠎⠞⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠑⠁⠎⠥⠗⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀⠎⠕⠀
⠎⠊⠍⠏⠇⠑⠀⠁⠀⠍⠁⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠋⠋⠊⠉⠊⠑⠝⠉⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀
⠏⠥⠏⠊⠇⠄⠎⠀⠗⠑⠎⠏⠕⠝⠎⠑⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠞⠑⠎⠞⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠁⠙⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠛⠑⠗⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠗⠑⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠗⠁⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠑⠭⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠃⠇⠑⠍⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠕⠍⠃⠊⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠎⠏⠑⠑⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠉⠉⠥⠗⠁⠉⠽⠀
⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠎⠊⠝⠛⠇⠑⠀⠑⠎⠞⠊⠍⠁⠞⠑⠲⠀⠠⠎⠞⠕⠝⠑⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠎⠀
⠝⠕⠀⠉⠗⠑⠙⠊⠞⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠁⠀⠉⠕⠇⠥⠍⠝⠀⠥⠝⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠉⠕⠗⠗⠑⠉⠞⠇⠽⠀⠁⠙⠙⠑⠙⠲⠀⠠⠉⠕⠥⠗⠞⠊⠎⠀⠑⠧⠁⠙⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠙⠊⠋⠋⠊⠉⠥⠇⠞⠽⠀⠃⠽⠀⠗⠑⠏⠕⠗⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠃⠕⠞⠓⠀⠝⠥⠍⠃⠑⠗⠀⠙⠕⠝⠑
⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠝⠥⠍⠃⠑⠗⠀⠉⠕⠗⠗⠑⠉⠞⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠥⠞⠓⠕⠗⠄⠎⠀
⠎⠉⠓⠑⠍⠑⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠎⠀⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠋⠊⠑⠙⠀⠺⠑⠊⠛⠓⠞⠎⠀⠞⠕
⠀⠎⠏⠑⠑⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠉⠉⠥⠗⠁⠉⠽⠀⠁⠞⠀⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠎⠞⠑⠏⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠎⠑⠗⠊⠑⠎⠂⠀⠊⠝⠧⠕⠇⠧⠑⠎⠀⠁⠀⠗⠁⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠊⠝⠞⠗⠊⠉⠁⠞⠑⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠏⠥⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠊⠉⠥⠇⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠑⠟⠥⠁⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠎⠏⠑⠑⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠉⠉⠥⠗⠁⠉⠽⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠙⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠍⠑⠁⠝⠎⠀⠏⠗⠑⠉⠊⠎⠑⠇⠽⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠺⠑⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠊⠝⠁⠙⠑⠟⠥⠁⠞⠑⠀
⠝⠕⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠃⠊⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠑⠇⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠁⠗⠽⠀⠎⠉⠓⠕⠕⠇⠀⠎⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠊⠍⠏⠗⠕⠧⠑⠲⠀
⠠⠥⠝⠞⠊⠇⠂⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠑⠭⠁⠍⠏⠇⠑⠂⠀⠺⠑⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠙⠑⠉⠊⠙⠑⠙⠀
⠺⠓⠑⠞⠓⠑⠗⠂⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠁⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠝⠀⠛⠗⠕⠥⠏⠀⠕⠋⠀⠏⠥⠏⠊⠇⠎⠂⠀
⠋⠊⠋⠞⠑⠑⠝⠀⠠⠉⠕⠥⠗⠞⠊⠎⠀⠁⠞⠞⠑⠍⠏⠞⠎⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠑⠝⠀
⠗⠊⠛⠓⠞⠂⠀⠊⠎⠀⠕⠗⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠁⠀⠃⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠁⠉⠓⠊⠑⠧⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞
⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠞⠑⠝⠀⠠⠉⠕⠥⠗⠞⠊⠎⠀⠁⠞⠞⠑⠍⠏⠞⠎⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠝⠊⠝⠑⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.