Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Philosophy / Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy / Braille

Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

350,639 braille cells · 370 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,284 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠏⠜⠞⠊⠉⠥⠇⠜⠂⠀⠍⠕⠗⠞⠁⠇⠀⠊⠎⠀⠥⠝⠊⠧⠻⠎⠁⠇⠲⠀⠠⠮⠗⠑⠿⠑⠂⠀⠓⠑
⠀⠀⠀⠎⠁⠽⠎⠂⠀⠎⠔⠉⠑⠀⠠⠎⠕⠉⠗⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠍⠕⠗⠞⠁⠇⠂⠀⠭⠀
⠋⠕⠇⠇⠪⠎⠀⠞⠀⠮⠀⠏⠜⠞⠊⠉⠥⠇⠜⠀⠊⠎⠀⠮⠀⠀⠀
⠥⠝⠊⠧⠻⠎⠁⠇⠤⠤⠞⠁⠅⠬⠀⠮⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠹⠗⠳⠛⠓⠳⠞⠀
⠑⠭⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠊⠧⠑⠀⠷⠀⠊⠙⠢⠞⠊⠞⠽⠲⠀⠀⠀⠠⠃⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠁⠽⠀⠮⠀
⠏⠜⠞⠊⠉⠥⠇⠜⠀⠊⠎⠀⠮⠀⠥⠝⠊⠧⠻⠎⠁⠇⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠎⠑⠇⠋⠤⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠁⠙⠊⠉⠞⠕⠗⠽⠲⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠛⠁⠔⠀⠠⠓⠑⠛⠑⠇⠀⠙⠕⠑⠎⠀
⠝⠀⠎⠥⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠀⠁⠀⠍⠊⠌⠁⠅⠑⠀⠃⠀⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠫⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠽⠝⠮⠎⠊⠎⠑
⠀⠀⠀⠏⠜⠞⠊⠉⠥⠇⠜⠀⠯⠀⠥⠝⠊⠧⠻⠎⠁⠇⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠊⠝⠙⠊⠧⠊⠙⠥⠁⠇⠂⠀
⠕⠗⠀⠉⠕⠝⠉⠗⠑⠞⠑⠀⠥⠝⠊⠧⠻⠎⠁⠇⠲⠀⠀⠀⠠⠹⠊⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠝⠀
⠑⠭⠁⠍⠏⠇⠑⠀⠷⠀⠓⠪⠂⠀⠿⠀⠺⠁⠝⠞⠀⠷⠀⠉⠜⠑⠀⠁⠞⠀⠮⠀⠌⠜⠞⠂⠀⠧⠁⠌
⠀⠯⠀⠀⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠎⠬⠀⠎⠽⠌⠑⠍⠎⠀⠷⠀⠏⠓⠊⠇⠕⠎⠕⠏⠓⠽⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀
⠃⠥⠊⠇⠞⠀⠘⠥⠀⠌⠥⠏⠊⠙⠀⠯⠀⠞⠗⠊⠧⠊⠁⠇⠀⠀⠀⠉⠕⠝⠋⠥⠎⠊⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀
⠱⠊⠡⠂⠀⠃⠀⠿⠀⠮⠀⠁⠇⠍⠕⠌⠀⠊⠝⠉⠗⠫⠊⠃⠇⠑⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠀⠞⠀⠮⠽⠀⠁⠗⠑
⠀⠀⠀⠥⠝⠔⠞⠢⠞⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠂⠀⠐⠕⠀⠺⠳⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀⠞⠑⠍⠏⠞⠫⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠡⠜⠁⠉⠞⠻⠊⠎⠑⠀⠵⠀⠏⠥⠝⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠮⠗⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠟⠀⠁⠝⠕⠮⠗⠀
⠙⠊⠗⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠔⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠁⠀⠇⠜⠛⠑⠀⠞⠑⠡⠝⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀
⠙⠑⠧⠑⠇⠕⠏⠍⠢⠞⠀⠷⠀⠇⠕⠛⠊⠉⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠞⠁⠅⠢⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠒⠀⠠⠊⠀
⠍⠑⠁⠝⠀⠮⠀⠙⠊⠗⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠱⠁⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠫⠀⠇⠕⠛⠊⠌⠊⠉⠀
⠕⠗⠀⠍⠁⠮⠍⠁⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠇⠕⠛⠊⠉⠲⠀⠠⠹⠊⠎⠀⠅⠔⠙⠀⠷⠀⠇⠕⠛⠊⠉⠀⠊⠎
⠀⠍⠁⠮⠍⠁⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠔⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠻⠢⠞⠀⠎⠢⠎⠑⠎⠒⠀⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠊⠞⠎⠑⠇⠋⠀⠁⠀⠃⠗⠁⠝⠡⠀⠷⠀⠍⠁⠮⠍⠁⠞⠊⠉⠎⠂⠀⠯⠀⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀⠮⠀
⠇⠕⠛⠊⠉⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠊⠎⠀⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠁⠏⠏⠇⠊⠉⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠕⠮⠗
⠀⠍⠀⠞⠗⠁⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠀⠃⠗⠁⠝⠡⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀⠍⠁⠮⠍⠁⠞⠊⠉⠎⠲⠀
⠠⠓⠊⠌⠕⠗⠊⠉⠁⠇⠇⠽⠂⠀⠭⠀⠃⠑⠛⠁⠝⠀⠵⠀⠍⠻⠑⠇⠽⠀⠁⠀⠃⠗⠁⠝⠡⠀⠷⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.