Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Art / Visual Illusions: Their Causes, Characteristics and Applications / Braille

Visual Illusions: Their Causes, Characteristics and Applications ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

350,115 braille cells · 371 embossed pages at 40×25 · 572 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠏⠑⠗⠎⠕⠝⠀⠉⠁⠏⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠕⠝⠕⠉⠥⠇⠁⠗⠀⠧⠊⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀
⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀⠇⠊⠅⠑⠀⠠⠉⠽⠉⠇⠕⠏⠎⠀⠠⠏⠕⠇⠽⠏⠓⠑⠍⠥⠎⠲⠀⠠⠺⠑⠀
⠍⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠑⠽⠑⠎⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠑⠧⠑⠝⠂⠀⠇⠊⠅⠑⠀
⠠⠁⠗⠛⠥⠎⠂⠀⠏⠕⠎⠎⠑⠎⠎⠀⠁⠀⠓⠥⠝⠙⠗⠑⠙⠀⠑⠽⠑⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠞⠊⠇⠇
⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠑⠭⠏⠑⠗⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠕⠝⠙⠑⠗⠋⠥⠇⠀⠁⠙⠧⠁⠝⠞⠁⠛⠑⠎
⠀⠕⠋⠀⠃⠊⠝⠕⠉⠥⠇⠁⠗⠀⠧⠊⠎⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠑⠽⠑⠀⠍⠊⠛⠓⠞
⠀⠎⠑⠑⠀⠊⠝⠙⠑⠏⠑⠝⠙⠑⠝⠞⠇⠽⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠓⠑⠝⠕⠍⠑⠝⠁⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠃⠊⠝⠕⠉⠥⠇⠁⠗⠀⠧⠊⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠋⠁⠗⠀⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠏⠓⠽⠎⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀
⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠞⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠕⠝⠕⠉⠥⠇⠁⠗⠀⠧⠊⠎⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀
⠁⠗⠑⠀⠍⠥⠉⠓⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠕⠃⠎⠉⠥⠗⠑⠂⠀⠊⠇⠇⠥⠎⠕⠗⠽⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠏⠑⠗⠏⠇⠑⠭⠊⠝⠛⠀⠃⠑⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠑⠭⠇⠽⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠺⠕⠧⠑⠝⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠕⠗⠀⠁⠇⠇⠊⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠏⠎⠽⠉⠓⠕⠇⠕⠛⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠏⠓⠑⠝⠕⠍⠑⠝⠁⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠑⠝⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠎⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠎⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠑⠗⠁⠃⠇⠽⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠎⠑⠝⠎⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠑⠝⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠕⠥⠉⠓⠀
⠗⠑⠟⠥⠊⠗⠑⠎⠀⠎⠕⠇⠊⠙⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠁⠉⠞⠀⠶⠥⠎⠥⠁⠇⠇⠽⠶⠆⠀⠞⠁⠎⠞⠑⠀
⠊⠝⠧⠕⠇⠧⠑⠎⠀⠇⠊⠟⠥⠊⠙⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠁⠉⠞⠆⠀⠎⠍⠑⠇⠇⠂⠀⠛⠁⠎⠑⠕⠥⠎⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠞⠁⠉⠞⠆⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠓⠑⠁⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠙⠑⠏⠑⠝⠙⠎⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠁⠀
⠗⠑⠇⠁⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠧⠊⠃⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠁⠝⠀⠕⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠀
⠞⠓⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠁⠝⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠍⠑⠙⠊⠥⠍⠀⠶⠥⠎⠥⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠁⠊⠗⠶⠂⠀
⠗⠑⠎⠥⠇⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠋⠊⠝⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠊⠝⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠁⠉⠞⠲⠀⠠⠓⠕⠺⠑⠧⠑⠗⠂⠀
⠺⠑⠀⠏⠑⠗⠉⠑⠊⠧⠑⠀⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀⠁⠀⠙⠊⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠞⠓⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓
⠀⠧⠊⠃⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠶⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠗⠕⠍⠁⠛⠝⠑⠞⠊⠉⠀⠺⠁⠧⠑⠎⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠑⠙
⠀⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠶⠀⠉⠕⠝⠧⠑⠽⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠀⠎⠥⠃⠞⠇⠑⠂⠀
⠊⠝⠞⠁⠝⠛⠊⠃⠇⠑⠂⠀⠥⠝⠊⠧⠑⠗⠎⠁⠇⠀⠍⠑⠙⠊⠥⠍⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠊⠎⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.