Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Art / Visual Illusions: Their Causes, Characteristics and Applications / Braille

Visual Illusions: Their Causes, Characteristics and Applications ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

350,115 braille cells · 371 embossed pages at 40×25 · 572 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠀⠞⠗⠁⠉⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠞⠗⠥⠉⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠽⠑⠀
⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠀⠥⠝⠥⠎⠥⠁⠇⠀⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠉⠕⠝⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠲⠀⠠⠋⠕⠗⠀
⠑⠭⠁⠍⠏⠇⠑⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠀⠙⠁⠗⠅⠀⠗⠕⠕⠍⠀⠓⠕⠇⠙⠀⠁⠀⠇⠁⠍⠏⠀
⠕⠃⠇⠊⠟⠥⠑⠇⠽⠀⠕⠥⠞⠺⠁⠗⠙⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠝⠑⠁⠗⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠑⠽⠑⠀⠶⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠉⠇⠕⠎⠑⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠓⠊⠑⠇⠙⠑⠙⠶⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠋⠕⠗⠺⠁⠗⠙⠀⠎⠥⠋⠋⠊⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠇⠽⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠞⠊⠝⠁⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠃⠑⠀⠎⠞⠗⠕⠝⠛⠇⠽⠀⠊⠇⠇⠥⠍⠊⠝⠁⠞⠑⠙⠲⠀⠠⠍⠕⠧⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠁⠍⠏⠀
⠛⠑⠝⠞⠇⠽⠀⠺⠓⠊⠇⠑⠀⠛⠁⠵⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠞⠀⠁⠀⠏⠇⠁⠊⠝⠀⠙⠁⠗⠅⠀
⠎⠥⠗⠋⠁⠉⠑⠀⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠁⠇⠇⠲⠀⠠⠋⠊⠝⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠧⠊⠎⠥⠁⠇⠀⠋⠊⠑⠇⠙⠀⠁⠏⠏⠑⠁⠗⠎⠀⠙⠁⠗⠅⠂⠀⠙⠥⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠊⠝⠞⠑⠝⠎⠑⠀⠊⠇⠇⠥⠍⠊⠝⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠞⠊⠝⠁⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠁⠏⠏⠑⠁⠗⠂⠀⠁⠏⠏⠁⠗⠑⠝⠞⠇⠽⠀⠏⠗⠕⠚⠑⠉⠞⠑⠙⠀
⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠁⠇⠇⠂⠀⠁⠝⠀⠊⠍⠁⠛⠑⠀⠗⠑⠎⠑⠍⠃⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠀
⠃⠗⠁⠝⠉⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠇⠑⠁⠋⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠞⠗⠑⠑⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀
⠗⠑⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠎⠓⠁⠙⠕⠺⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠇⠕⠕⠙⠀⠧⠑⠎⠎⠑⠇⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠞⠊⠝⠁⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠭⠏⠑⠗⠊⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀
⠎⠥⠉⠉⠑⠎⠎⠋⠥⠇⠀⠊⠋⠀⠁⠝⠀⠊⠍⠁⠛⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀⠃⠗⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀
⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠤⠎⠕⠥⠗⠉⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠋⠕⠉⠥⠎⠑⠙⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠉⠇⠑⠗⠕⠞⠊⠉
⠀⠝⠑⠁⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠗⠝⠑⠁⠲⠀⠠⠊⠋⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠊⠍⠁⠛⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠤⠎⠕⠥⠗⠉⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠍⠕⠧⠑⠙⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠗⠑⠑⠤⠇⠊⠅⠑⠀
⠊⠍⠁⠛⠑⠀⠎⠑⠑⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠧⠊⠎⠥⠁⠇⠀⠋⠊⠑⠇⠙⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕
⠀⠍⠕⠧⠑⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠁⠞⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠛⠗⠕⠺⠞⠓⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠙⠑⠉⠁⠽⠀⠕⠋
⠀⠧⠁⠗⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀⠉⠕⠇⠕⠗⠤⠎⠑⠝⠎⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠧⠁⠗⠊⠑⠎⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠑⠗⠁⠃⠇⠽⠲⠀⠠⠃⠽⠀⠞⠁⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠙⠧⠁⠝⠞⠁⠛⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠀⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀⠊⠇⠇⠥⠎⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀⠃⠑⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.