Library / Mathematics / Archimedes / Braille
Archimedes ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
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104,558 braille cells · 112 embossed pages at 40×25 · 405 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠠⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠁⠝⠞⠊⠝⠕⠏⠇⠑⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠏⠗⠕⠧⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠁⠊⠝ ⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠁⠗⠉⠓⠊⠍⠑⠙⠑⠎⠀⠉⠕⠏⠊⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠀ ⠛⠕⠕⠙⠀⠓⠁⠝⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠑⠝⠞⠓⠀⠉⠑⠝⠞⠥⠗⠽⠲⠀⠠⠁⠝⠀ ⠁⠞⠞⠑⠍⠏⠞⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠶⠋⠕⠗⠞⠥⠝⠁⠞⠑⠇⠽⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀ ⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠊⠁⠇⠀⠎⠥⠉⠉⠑⠎⠎⠶⠀⠞⠕⠀⠺⠁⠎⠓⠀⠕⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠕⠇⠙⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠁⠗⠉⠓⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀ ⠥⠎⠑⠙⠀⠁⠛⠁⠊⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠑⠀⠁⠀⠠⠑⠥⠉⠓⠕⠇⠕⠛⠊⠕⠝⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠲ ⠀⠠⠓⠕⠺⠑⠧⠑⠗⠂⠀⠕⠝⠀⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠑⠁⠧⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠑⠁⠗⠇⠊⠑⠗⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠗⠑⠍⠁⠊⠝⠎⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠕⠗⠀⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀ ⠇⠑⠛⠊⠃⠇⠑⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠞⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠠⠠⠍⠎⠲⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠞⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠁⠊⠝⠎⠂⠀⠃⠑⠎⠊⠙⠑⠎⠀ ⠎⠥⠃⠎⠞⠁⠝⠞⠊⠁⠇⠀⠏⠕⠗⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠗⠑⠁⠞⠊⠎⠑⠎⠀ ⠏⠗⠑⠧⠊⠕⠥⠎⠇⠽⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠝⠂⠀⠶⠼⠁⠶⠀⠁⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠑⠗⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀ ⠏⠕⠗⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠃⠕⠕⠅⠎⠂⠀⠠⠕⠝⠀ ⠠⠋⠇⠕⠁⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠠⠃⠕⠙⠊⠑⠎⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠑⠗⠇⠽⠀ ⠎⠥⠏⠏⠕⠎⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠇⠕⠎⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠛⠗⠑⠑⠅⠀⠁⠝⠙ ⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠎⠥⠗⠧⠊⠧⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠞⠗⠁⠝⠎⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠃⠽⠀⠠⠺⠊⠇⠓⠑⠇⠍⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠍⠕⠗⠃⠑⠅⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙ ⠀⠶⠼⠃⠶⠀⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠏⠗⠑⠉⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠇⠇⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀ ⠏⠁⠗⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠕⠕⠅⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠑⠙⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠂⠀ ⠞⠗⠑⠁⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠍⠑⠉⠓⠁⠝⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠠⠏⠗⠕⠃⠇⠑⠍⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀ ⠁⠙⠙⠗⠑⠎⠎⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠠⠑⠗⠁⠞⠕⠎⠞⠓⠑⠝⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠞⠀⠞⠗⠑⠁⠞⠊⠎⠑⠀⠎⠕⠀⠓⠁⠏⠏⠊⠇⠽⠀⠗⠑⠉⠕⠧⠑⠗⠑⠙⠀ ⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠺⠀⠊⠝⠉⠇⠥⠙⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠓⠑⠊⠃⠑⠗⠛⠄⠎⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀ ⠶⠎⠑⠉⠕⠝⠙⠶⠀⠑⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠛⠗⠑⠑⠅⠀⠞⠑⠭⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.