Library / Physics / Electricity and Magnetism / Braille
Electricity and Magnetism ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
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312,993 braille cells · 332 embossed pages at 40×25 · 314 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠞⠓⠑⠕⠗⠊⠑⠎⠀⠁⠙⠧⠁⠝⠉⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠞⠀ ⠊⠝⠧⠑⠎⠞⠊⠛⠁⠞⠕⠗⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠋⠀⠠⠊⠀⠎⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠁⠝⠽ ⠀⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠽⠀⠕⠺⠝⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠥⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠀⠠⠊⠀ ⠎⠓⠁⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀⠋⠗⠑⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠂⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠠⠊⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀ ⠚⠥⠎⠞⠀⠁⠎⠀⠛⠕⠕⠙⠀⠁⠀⠗⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠍⠁⠅⠑⠀⠁⠀⠛⠥⠑⠎⠎⠀⠁⠎⠀ ⠁⠝⠽⠀⠕⠝⠑⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠃⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠋⠑⠎⠎⠑⠙⠂⠀⠓⠕⠺⠑⠧⠑⠗⠂ ⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠇⠙⠑⠗⠀⠠⠊⠀⠛⠗⠕⠺⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠠⠊⠀⠋⠑⠑⠇ ⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠠⠊⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠥⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀ ⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠗⠊⠉⠊⠞⠽⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠁⠝⠽⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠑⠇⠎⠑⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀ ⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠗⠊⠎⠕⠝⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠠⠊⠀⠎⠑⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠽⠑⠞ ⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠝⠲⠀⠠⠊⠀⠕⠝⠉⠑⠀⠍⠑⠞⠀⠁⠀⠽⠕⠥⠝⠛⠀⠍⠁⠝⠀ ⠺⠓⠕⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠚⠥⠎⠞⠀⠛⠗⠁⠙⠥⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠉⠕⠇⠇⠑⠛⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙ ⠀⠊⠝⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠉⠕⠝⠧⠑⠗⠎⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠓⠑⠀⠎⠞⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠓⠑⠀ ⠓⠁⠙⠀⠞⠁⠅⠑⠝⠀⠁⠀⠉⠕⠥⠗⠎⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠗⠊⠉⠊⠞⠽⠲⠀⠠⠊⠀ ⠁⠎⠅⠑⠙⠀⠓⠊⠍⠀⠓⠕⠺⠀⠇⠕⠝⠛⠀⠓⠑⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠎⠞⠥⠙⠊⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠎⠥⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠲⠀⠠⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠊⠙⠀⠞⠓⠗⠑⠑⠀⠍⠕⠝⠞⠓⠎⠲⠀⠠⠊⠀⠁⠎⠅⠑⠙ ⠀⠓⠊⠍⠀⠊⠋⠀⠓⠑⠀⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠎⠞⠕⠕⠙⠀⠊⠞⠤⠤⠁⠝⠙⠀⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠊⠙⠀ ⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠙⠲⠀⠠⠊⠀⠞⠕⠇⠙⠀⠓⠊⠍⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠓⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑ ⠀⠍⠁⠝⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠇⠙⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠇⠕⠕⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠋⠕⠗⠆⠀ ⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠠⠊⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠎⠞⠥⠙⠊⠑⠙⠀⠊⠞⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠊⠗⠞⠽⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠎⠀ ⠁⠝⠙⠀⠙⠊⠙⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠎⠞⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠞⠀⠽⠑⠞⠲⠀⠀⠠⠁⠀ ⠇⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀⠇⠑⠁⠗⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠀⠙⠁⠝⠛⠑⠗⠕⠥⠎⠀ ⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠤⠤⠋⠕⠗⠀⠊⠞⠀⠏⠥⠋⠋⠎⠀⠥⠎⠀⠥⠏⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠑⠀⠋⠑⠑⠇⠀ ⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠺⠑⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠀⠊⠞⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠇⠙⠀ ⠊⠝⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠛⠗⠁⠎⠏⠆⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠁⠋⠞⠑⠗⠀⠺⠑⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠞⠗⠊⠑⠙⠀
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