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Library / Biology / A Brief History of Element Discovery, Synthesis, and Analysis / Braille

A Brief History of Element Discovery, Synthesis, and Analysis ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

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34,116 braille cells · 34 embossed pages at 40×25 · 452 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠞⠕⠕⠇⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠉⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠑⠎⠞⠁⠃⠇⠊⠎⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠥⠗⠊⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋
⠀⠎⠥⠃⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠎⠀⠁⠇⠗⠑⠁⠙⠽⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠝⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠇⠑⠁⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠥⠎⠂⠀⠓⠑⠇⠊⠥⠍⠀
⠺⠁⠎⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠑⠗⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠥⠝⠄⠎⠀⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠗⠥⠍⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠠⠚⠁⠝⠎⠑⠝⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠎⠕⠇⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠥⠗⠁⠝⠊⠞⠑⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠠⠗⠁⠍⠎⠁⠽⠀⠊⠝⠀⠼⠁⠓⠊⠑⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠗⠁⠙⠊⠕⠁⠉⠞⠊⠧⠊⠞⠽⠀⠃⠽⠀⠠⠃⠑⠉⠟⠥⠑⠗⠑⠇⠀⠊⠝⠀⠼⠁⠓⠊⠋⠀
⠶⠞⠕⠥⠉⠓⠑⠙⠀⠕⠋⠋⠀⠃⠽⠀⠠⠗⠕⠑⠝⠞⠛⠑⠝⠄⠎⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠕⠋
⠀⠭⠀⠗⠁⠽⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠀⠃⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠶⠀⠛⠁⠧⠑⠀⠁⠝⠀⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀
⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠎⠑⠝⠎⠊⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠙⠑⠞⠑⠉⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠗⠀⠁⠃⠎⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠑⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝⠀⠅⠊⠝⠙⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠍⠁⠞⠞⠑⠗⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠺⠑⠇⠇⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠝⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠠⠏⠊⠑⠗⠗⠑⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠍⠁⠗⠊⠑⠀⠠⠉⠥⠗⠊⠑⠀⠥⠎⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠝⠑⠺⠤⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀
⠗⠁⠙⠊⠕⠁⠉⠞⠊⠧⠊⠞⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀⠊⠙⠑⠝⠞⠊⠋⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀
⠑⠇⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠏⠕⠇⠕⠝⠊⠥⠍⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠗⠁⠙⠊⠥⠍⠲⠀⠠⠉⠕⠍⠏⠕⠥⠝⠙⠎
⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀⠑⠇⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠕⠃⠞⠁⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠏⠁⠞⠊⠑⠝⠞⠀⠋⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠀⠗⠑⠉⠗⠽⠎⠞⠁⠇⠇⠊⠵⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠎⠁⠇⠞⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠭⠏⠇⠁⠝⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠗⠁⠙⠊⠕⠁⠉⠞⠊⠧⠊⠞⠽⠀⠇⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠊⠎⠕⠞⠕⠏⠑⠎⠀⠃⠽⠀⠠⠗⠥⠞⠓⠑⠗⠋⠕⠗⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠎⠕⠙⠙⠽⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠼⠁⠊⠁⠙⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠁⠀
⠗⠑⠧⠊⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠊⠙⠑⠁⠀⠕⠋⠀⠑⠇⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠃⠑⠉⠁⠍⠑⠀
⠝⠑⠉⠑⠎⠎⠁⠗⠽⠲⠀⠠⠎⠊⠝⠉⠑⠀⠠⠃⠕⠽⠇⠑⠂⠀⠊⠞⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀
⠁⠎⠎⠥⠍⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠁⠞⠕⠍⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠝⠙⠊⠧⠊⠙⠥⠁⠇
⠀⠑⠇⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠊⠙⠑⠝⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠥⠝⠇⠊⠅⠑⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.