Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Engineering & Technology / Bridge Disasters in America: The Cause and the Remedy / Braille

Bridge Disasters in America: The Cause and the Remedy ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

81,816 braille cells · 87 embossed pages at 40×25 · 233 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠍⠁⠽⠀⠃⠑⠀⠗⠑⠏⠇⠊⠑⠙⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠝⠕⠀⠊⠗⠕⠝⠀⠃⠗⠊⠙⠛⠑⠂⠀
⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠀⠀⠗⠑⠇⠊⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠝⠽⠂⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀
⠎⠓⠕⠺⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠑⠎⠞⠀⠊⠝⠙⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠀
⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠅⠊⠝⠙⠂⠀⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝
⠀⠥⠎⠑⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠀⠠⠗⠥⠎⠎⠊⠁⠂⠀
⠠⠝⠕⠗⠺⠁⠽⠂⠀⠠⠎⠺⠑⠙⠑⠝⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠉⠁⠝⠁⠙⠁⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠝⠕⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠺⠑⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠀⠊⠝⠀⠀⠗⠑⠛⠁⠗⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠊⠗⠕⠝⠀
⠛⠊⠧⠑⠎⠀⠥⠎⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠥⠏⠏⠕⠎⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀
⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠅⠊⠝⠙⠀⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠓⠁⠏⠏⠑⠝⠲⠀
⠠⠃⠥⠞⠀⠓⠑⠗⠑⠂⠀⠁⠛⠁⠊⠝⠂⠀⠑⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠥⠗⠝⠎⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠟⠥⠁⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠗⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠊⠗⠕⠝⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠞⠁⠊⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠏⠓⠕⠎⠏⠓⠕⠗⠥⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠉⠕⠇⠙⠤⠎⠓⠕⠗⠞⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀
⠃⠗⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠉⠕⠇⠙⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠃⠗⠑⠁⠅⠀
⠟⠥⠊⠉⠅⠑⠗⠀⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠀⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠥⠙⠙⠑⠝⠀⠀
⠎⠓⠕⠉⠅⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠉⠕⠇⠙⠀⠺⠑⠁⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠺⠁⠗⠍⠲⠀⠠⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠛⠕⠕⠙⠀⠊⠗⠕⠝⠂⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠑⠗⠇⠽⠀⠀⠥⠎⠑⠙⠂⠀
⠺⠑⠀⠝⠑⠑⠙⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠝⠕⠀⠋⠑⠁⠗⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠎⠑⠉⠥⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀⠊⠗⠕⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠀⠀⠍⠁⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠥⠞⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠁⠞⠞⠑⠝⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀⠏⠁⠊⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠕⠥⠗⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠤⠉⠇⠁⠎⠎⠀⠀⠃⠗⠊⠙⠛⠑⠤⠃⠥⠊⠇⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠋⠊⠗⠍⠎⠂⠀
⠃⠥⠞⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠀⠍⠁⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠝⠕⠀⠁⠞⠞⠑⠝⠞⠊⠕⠝
⠀⠊⠎⠀⠀⠏⠁⠊⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠥⠊⠇⠙⠑⠗⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠓⠑⠁⠏⠀
⠃⠗⠊⠙⠛⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠺⠑⠀⠍⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠎⠥⠏⠏⠕⠎⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠁⠀⠀
⠏⠑⠗⠎⠕⠝⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠏⠥⠞⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠝⠀⠊⠝⠎⠥⠋⠋⠊⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠀
⠁⠍⠕⠥⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠊⠗⠕⠝⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠁⠀⠃⠗⠊⠙⠛⠑⠂⠀⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.