Skip to content

Library / Philosophy / An Ethnologist's View of History / Braille

An Ethnologist's View of History ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

44,070 braille cells · 47 embossed pages at 40×25 · 334 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠀⠋⠑⠺⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠎⠀⠁⠛⠕⠀⠠⠏⠗⠕⠋⠲⠀⠠⠛⠑⠗⠇⠁⠝⠙⠂⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠠⠎⠞⠗⠁⠎⠃⠥⠗⠛⠂⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠥⠇⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠃⠁⠎⠊⠉⠀⠍⠁⠭⠊⠍⠀
⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠙⠎⠒⠀⠠⠍⠁⠝⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠙⠑⠧⠑⠇⠕⠏⠑⠙⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠗⠥⠞⠑⠀⠞⠓⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠏⠥⠗⠑⠇⠽⠀
⠍⠑⠉⠓⠁⠝⠊⠉⠁⠇⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀⠋⠊⠭⠑⠙⠂⠀⠇⠁⠺⠎⠲⠼⠛⠤⠁⠀⠀
⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠊⠎⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠕⠤⠙⠁⠽⠀⠺⠓⠕⠀⠓⠑⠎⠊⠞⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠎⠥⠃⠎⠉⠗⠊⠃⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠍⠁⠭⠊⠍⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠇⠊⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠗⠑⠛⠁⠗⠙⠑⠙⠀⠁⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠙⠕⠥⠃⠞⠋⠥⠇⠀⠇⠑⠁⠗⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠕⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠙⠑⠃⠊⠇⠊⠞⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠇⠇⠑⠉⠞⠲⠀⠠⠊⠀
⠁⠉⠅⠝⠕⠺⠇⠑⠙⠛⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠠⠊⠀⠁⠍⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠎⠥⠉⠓⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠃⠑⠇⠊⠑⠧⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠠⠊⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀⠎⠓⠕⠺⠀⠎⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠎⠀
⠋⠕⠗⠀⠙⠑⠝⠽⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠎⠎⠥⠍⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠝⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎
⠀⠧⠊⠑⠺⠀⠊⠎⠀⠃⠁⠎⠑⠙⠲⠀⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠁⠏⠏⠑⠁⠗⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠍⠑⠀⠚⠥⠎⠞⠀
⠁⠎⠀⠞⠑⠇⠑⠕⠇⠕⠛⠊⠉⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠙⠊⠧⠊⠝⠁⠞⠕⠗⠽⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠠⠊
⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠏⠗⠑⠧⠊⠕⠥⠎⠇⠽⠀⠝⠁⠍⠑⠙⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠁⠎⠎⠥⠍⠑⠎⠀
⠠⠑⠧⠕⠇⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠇⠁⠺⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠥⠝⠊⠧⠑⠗⠎⠑⠂⠀
⠺⠓⠑⠗⠑⠁⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠁⠇⠀⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠁⠀
⠇⠊⠍⠊⠞⠑⠙⠀⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠇⠊⠵⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠊⠝⠁⠏⠏⠇⠊⠉⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠎⠑⠗⠊⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠁⠇⠀⠑⠧⠑⠝⠞⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠥⠝⠉⠑⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠊⠝⠥⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠁⠝⠽⠀⠎⠑⠗⠊⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠏⠞⠊⠍⠊⠎⠍⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠊⠞⠀
⠊⠝⠉⠥⠇⠉⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠊⠝⠎⠑⠉⠥⠗⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠃⠑⠇⠕⠝⠛⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠙⠑⠙⠥⠉⠞⠊⠧⠑⠂⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠊⠝⠙⠥⠉⠞⠊⠧⠑⠂⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠊⠝⠛⠲⠀
⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠑⠉⠓⠁⠝⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠞⠓⠑⠕⠗⠽⠀⠕⠝⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠃⠁⠎⠑⠙⠀⠇⠁⠉⠅⠎⠀⠏⠗⠕⠕⠋⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠎⠂⠀⠠⠊⠀⠍⠁⠊⠝⠞⠁⠊⠝⠂⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.