Library / Physics / Pioneers of Science / Braille
Pioneers of Science ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt
667,740 braille cells · 703 embossed pages at 40×25 · 2,705 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠠⠠⠉⠕⠍⠑⠞⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠼⠉⠙⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠚⠚⠲⠀⠠⠠⠧⠁⠗⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀⠠⠠⠁⠏⠏⠑⠁⠗⠁⠝⠉⠑⠎⠀ ⠠⠠⠕⠋⠀⠠⠠⠓⠁⠇⠇⠑⠽⠄⠠⠎⠀⠠⠠⠉⠕⠍⠑⠞⠀⠠⠠⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠠⠠⠇⠁⠎⠞⠀ ⠠⠠⠎⠑⠑⠝⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠉⠙⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠚⠁⠲⠀⠠⠠⠓⠑⠁⠙⠀ ⠠⠠⠕⠋⠀⠠⠠⠙⠕⠝⠁⠞⠊⠄⠠⠎⠀⠠⠠⠉⠕⠍⠑⠞⠀⠠⠠⠕⠋⠀⠼⠁⠓⠑⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠼⠉⠙⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠚⠃⠲⠀⠠⠠⠉⠕⠍⠑⠞⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠼⠉⠙⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠚⠉⠲⠀⠠⠠⠑⠝⠉⠅⠑⠄⠠⠎⠀⠠⠠⠉⠕⠍⠑⠞⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠼⠉⠙⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠚⠙⠲⠀⠠⠠⠃⠊⠑⠇⠁⠄⠠⠎⠀⠠⠠⠉⠕⠍⠑⠞⠀⠠⠠⠁⠎⠀ ⠠⠠⠇⠁⠎⠞⠀⠠⠠⠎⠑⠑⠝⠀⠠⠠⠊⠝⠀⠠⠠⠞⠺⠕⠀⠠⠠⠏⠕⠗⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠼⠉⠙⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠚⠑⠲⠀⠠⠠⠗⠁⠙⠊⠁⠝⠞⠀⠠⠠⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠀ ⠠⠠⠏⠑⠗⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠼⠉⠙⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠚⠋⠲⠀⠠⠠⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞⠀⠠⠠⠕⠗⠃⠊⠞⠀⠠⠠⠕⠋⠀ ⠠⠠⠝⠕⠧⠑⠍⠃⠑⠗⠀⠠⠠⠍⠑⠞⠑⠕⠗⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠼⠉⠙⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠚⠛⠲⠀⠠⠠⠕⠗⠃⠊⠞⠀⠠⠠⠕⠋⠀⠠⠠⠝⠕⠧⠑⠍⠃⠑⠗⠀ ⠠⠠⠍⠑⠞⠑⠕⠗⠎⠀⠠⠠⠃⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀⠠⠠⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠠⠁⠋⠞⠑⠗⠀ ⠠⠠⠑⠝⠉⠕⠥⠝⠞⠑⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠠⠠⠥⠗⠁⠝⠥⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠼⠉⠑⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠚⠓⠲⠀⠠⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠠⠍⠑⠗⠎⠑⠽⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠼⠉⠑⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠚⠊⠲⠀⠠⠠⠉⠕⠤⠠⠠⠞⠊⠙⠁⠇⠀⠠⠠⠇⠊⠝⠑⠎⠂⠀ ⠠⠠⠎⠓⠕⠺⠊⠝⠛⠀⠠⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠠⠺⠁⠽⠀⠠⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠠⠞⠊⠙⠁⠇⠀ ⠠⠠⠺⠁⠧⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠗⠑⠁⠉⠓⠑⠎⠀⠠⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠠⠃⠗⠊⠞⠊⠎⠓⠀ ⠠⠠⠊⠎⠇⠑⠎⠀⠠⠠⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠠⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠠⠁⠞⠇⠁⠝⠞⠊⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠼⠉⠑⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠁⠚⠲⠀⠠⠠⠺⠓⠊⠗⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠠⠠⠑⠁⠗⠞⠓⠀⠠⠠⠍⠕⠙⠑⠇ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠼⠉⠋⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠁⠁⠲⠀⠠⠠⠑⠁⠗⠞⠓⠀⠠⠠⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠠⠍⠕⠕⠝⠀ ⠠⠠⠍⠕⠙⠑⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.