Library / Philosophy / Past and Present / Braille
Past and Present ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.
Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt
549,830 braille cells · 580 embossed pages at 40×25 · 723 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠊⠝⠉⠗⠑⠁⠎⠑⠀⠯⠀⠋⠑⠇⠊⠉⠊⠞⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠊⠍⠒⠀⠃⠀⠓⠑⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀ ⠋⠕⠇⠇⠪⠫⠀⠕⠮⠗⠀⠹⠁⠝⠀⠠⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠄⠎⠀⠠⠇⠁⠺⠎⠆⠀⠯⠀⠝⠪⠀ ⠠⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠂⠀⠓⠻⠀⠏⠁⠞⠊⠢⠉⠑⠀⠾⠀⠓⠊⠍⠀⠃⠑⠬⠀⠑⠝⠙⠫⠂⠀ ⠇⠑⠁⠧⠑⠎⠀⠓⠊⠍⠀⠙⠑⠎⠕⠇⠁⠞⠑⠆⠀⠁⠝⠎⠺⠻⠎⠀⠾⠀⠧⠀⠑⠍⠏⠓⠁⠞⠊⠉ ⠀⠎⠊⠛⠝⠊⠋⠊⠉⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠊⠍⠒⠀⠠⠝⠕⠲⠀⠠⠝⠀⠃⠽⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀ ⠗⠕⠁⠙⠂⠀⠍⠽⠀⠎⠕⠝⠆⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠝⠕⠮⠗⠀⠗⠕⠁⠙⠀⠩⠁⠇⠞⠀⠹⠳⠀ ⠁⠞⠞⠁⠔⠀⠺⠑⠇⠇⠤⠃⠑⠬⠒⠀⠹⠊⠎⠂⠀⠹⠳⠀⠏⠻⠉⠑⠊⠧⠑⠌⠂⠀⠊⠎⠀⠮⠀ ⠗⠕⠁⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠊⠇⠇⠤⠃⠑⠬⠆⠀⠟⠥⠊⠞⠀⠹⠊⠎⠖⠤⠤⠠⠎⠀⠙⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀ ⠍⠕⠗⠁⠇⠊⠌⠎⠀⠁⠙⠧⠊⠎⠑⠒⠀⠞⠀⠮⠀⠍⠁⠝⠀⠏⠢⠊⠞⠢⠞⠇⠽⠀⠎⠁⠽⠀⠞⠕ ⠀⠓⠊⠍⠎⠑⠇⠋⠀⠋⠊⠗⠌⠀⠷⠀⠁⠇⠇⠂⠀⠠⠃⠑⠓⠕⠇⠙⠀⠠⠊⠀⠴⠀⠝⠀⠺⠊⠎⠑ ⠀⠑⠝⠳⠛⠓⠆⠀⠠⠊⠀⠟⠥⠊⠞⠞⠫⠀⠮⠀⠇⠁⠺⠎⠀⠷⠀⠠⠋⠁⠉⠞⠂⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀ ⠁⠗⠑⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠫⠀⠮⠀⠠⠇⠁⠺⠎⠀⠷⠀⠠⠛⠕⠙⠂⠀⠯⠀⠍⠊⠌⠕⠕⠅⠀ ⠿⠀⠮⠍⠀⠮⠀⠠⠇⠁⠺⠎⠀⠷⠀⠠⠩⠁⠍⠀⠯⠀⠠⠎⠑⠍⠃⠇⠁⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀ ⠁⠗⠑⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠫⠀⠮⠀⠠⠙⠑⠧⠊⠇⠄⠎⠀⠠⠇⠁⠺⠎⠆⠀⠮⠗⠑⠿⠑⠀⠁⠍⠀⠠⠊⠀ ⠐⠓⠖⠀⠀⠠⠝⠑⠊⠮⠗⠀⠾⠀⠠⠝⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠞⠀⠃⠑⠉⠕⠍⠑⠀⠍⠊⠎⠻⠁⠃⠇⠑ ⠀⠊⠎⠀⠭⠀⠋⠥⠝⠙⠁⠍⠢⠞⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠕⠮⠗⠺⠊⠎⠑⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀⠁⠝⠉⠊⠢⠞⠀ ⠛⠥⠊⠙⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀⠠⠝⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀⠠⠏⠗⠕⠏⠓⠑⠞⠎⠂⠀⠠⠏⠗⠊⠑⠌⠎⠂⠀ ⠕⠗⠀⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻⠀⠸⠮⠀⠐⠝⠂⠀⠶⠀⠺⠑⠇⠇⠀⠁⠺⠜⠑⠀⠷⠀⠹⠊⠎⠆⠀⠯⠂⠀ ⠙⠪⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠀⠇⠁⠞⠑⠀⠑⠏⠕⠡⠂⠀⠊⠍⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠊⠧⠑⠇⠽⠀⠞⠁⠥⠛⠓⠞⠀ ⠯⠀⠊⠝⠉⠥⠇⠉⠁⠞⠫⠀⠭⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀⠍⠕⠙⠻⠝⠀⠛⠥⠊⠙⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀ ⠠⠝⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀⠱⠕⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠛⠀⠐⠥⠀⠁⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠧⠜⠊⠑⠞⠽⠀⠷⠀ ⠝⠁⠍⠑⠎⠂⠀⠠⠚⠳⠗⠝⠁⠇⠊⠌⠎⠂⠀⠠⠏⠕⠇⠊⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀ ⠠⠑⠉⠕⠝⠕⠍⠊⠌⠎⠂⠀⠠⠏⠕⠇⠊⠞⠊⠉⠊⠁⠝⠎⠂⠀⠠⠏⠁⠍⠏⠓⠇⠑⠞⠑⠻⠎⠂⠀ ⠓⠀⠑⠝⠞⠊⠗⠑⠇⠽⠀⠿⠛⠕⠞⠞⠢⠀⠹⠊⠎⠂⠀⠯⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠗⠑⠁⠙⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀ ⠙⠢⠽⠀⠹⠊⠎⠲⠀⠠⠃⠀⠭⠀⠝⠑⠧⠻⠮⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠗⠑⠍⠁⠔⠎⠀⠑⠞⠻⠝⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.