Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Mathematics / The Earliest Arithmetics in English / Braille

The Earliest Arithmetics in English ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

236,797 braille cells · 248 embossed pages at 40×25 · 19,564 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠕⠥⠑⠗⠀⠦⠀⠓⠫⠑⠂⠀⠀⠑⠝⠀⠓⠁⠌⠀⠕⠥⠀⠽⠙⠕⠀⠿⠀⠁⠞⠀⠼⠚⠲⠀⠵⠀⠥⠀
⠼⠚⠀⠑⠝⠀⠺⠕⠗⠡⠀⠿⠹⠀⠔⠀⠑⠀⠕⠑⠗⠀⠋⠊⠛⠥⠗⠽⠎⠀⠞⠊⠇⠇⠀⠕⠥⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠑⠀⠑⠝⠙⠑⠂⠀⠿⠀⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀⠇⠽⠛⠓⠞⠀⠵⠀⠙⠽⠡⠑⠀
⠺⠁⠞⠻⠲⠀⠧⠝⠙⠑⠀⠧⠑⠗⠎⠥⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠏⠕⠌⠑⠁⠀⠏⠗⠕⠉⠫⠁⠎⠀
⠓⠁⠉⠀⠉⠕⠝⠙⠊⠉⠊⠐⠕⠀⠎⠑⠉⠥⠝⠙⠁⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠍⠏⠁⠗⠀⠎⠊⠀
⠋⠥⠑⠗⠭⠀⠓⠔⠉⠀⠧⠝⠥⠍⠀⠙⠑⠍⠑⠀⠏⠗⠊⠕⠗⠊⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠊⠝⠎⠉⠗⠊⠃⠢⠎⠀⠟⠥⠔⠟⠥⠑⠂⠀⠝⠁⠍⠀⠙⠢⠕⠎⠀⠎⠊⠛⠝⠊⠋⠊⠉⠁⠃⠊⠞
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠍⠕⠝⠕⠎⠀⠏⠗⠑⠙⠊⠉⠞⠁⠍⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠎⠊⠙⠢⠕⠞⠑⠒⠀⠠⠱⠁⠞
⠀⠞⠕⠀⠙⠀⠊⠋⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠕⠮⠗⠀⠋⠊⠛⠥⠗⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠕⠙⠙⠲⠀⠠⠺⠗⠊⠞⠑⠀⠁
⠀⠋⠊⠛⠥⠗⠑⠀⠷⠀⠀⠀⠋⠊⠧⠑⠀⠕⠧⠻⠀⠮⠀⠝⠑⠭⠞⠀⠇⠪⠻⠀⠝⠥⠍⠃⠻⠄⠎⠀
⠓⠑⠁⠙⠲⠀⠠⠑⠭⠁⠍⠏⠇⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀⠠⠓⠻⠑⠀⠓⠑⠀⠏⠥⠞⠞⠑⠎⠀⠑⠀⠋⠳⠗⠞⠑
⠀⠉⠁⠎⠑⠂⠀⠑⠀⠟⠥⠽⠡⠀⠊⠎⠀⠊⠎⠲⠀⠽⠋⠀⠭⠀⠓⠁⠏⠏⠑⠀⠮⠀
⠎⠑⠉⠥⠝⠙⠑⠀⠋⠊⠛⠥⠗⠑⠀⠃⠑⠞⠕⠅⠢⠀⠕⠙⠙⠑⠀⠝⠕⠍⠃⠗⠑⠂⠀⠕⠥⠀
⠎⠡⠁⠇⠀⠙⠀⠁⠺⠁⠽⠀⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠁⠞⠀⠕⠙⠙⠑⠀⠝⠕⠍⠃⠗⠑⠂⠀⠑⠀⠟⠥⠽⠡⠀
⠊⠎⠀⠎⠊⠛⠝⠊⠋⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠥⠑⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠞⠀⠋⠊⠛⠥⠗⠑⠀⠼⠁⠲⠀⠑⠀⠟⠥⠽⠡
⠀⠼⠁⠀⠎⠡⠁⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀⠗⠑⠅⠢⠙⠑⠀⠿⠀⠼⠁⠚⠲⠀⠠⠱⠁⠝⠀⠕⠥⠀⠓⠁⠌⠀
⠞⠁⠅⠑⠀⠁⠺⠁⠽⠀⠁⠞⠀⠼⠁⠀⠕⠥⠞⠀⠷⠀⠑⠀⠝⠕⠍⠃⠗⠑⠀⠁⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠎⠊⠛⠝⠊⠋⠊⠫⠑⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠞⠀⠋⠊⠛⠥⠗⠑⠂⠀⠕⠥⠀⠎⠡⠁⠇⠞⠀⠍⠫⠊⠑⠀⠁⠞
⠀⠁⠞⠀⠇⠑⠥⠑⠎⠀⠕⠥⠑⠗⠂⠀⠀⠙⠀⠁⠺⠁⠽⠀⠁⠞⠀⠋⠊⠛⠥⠗⠑⠀⠁⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠍⠫⠊⠫⠂⠀⠀⠎⠑⠞⠞⠑⠀⠔⠀⠦⠀⠌⠽⠙⠑⠀⠓⠁⠇⠋⠑⠀⠷⠀⠁⠞⠀⠝⠕⠍⠃⠗⠑⠲
⠀⠀⠠⠱⠁⠝⠀⠕⠥⠀⠓⠁⠎⠑⠀⠎⠀⠙⠕⠝⠑⠂⠀⠕⠥⠀⠎⠡⠁⠇⠞⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠑⠀
⠔⠔⠇⠑⠁⠋⠀⠼⠁⠑⠚⠰⠃⠀⠁⠀⠋⠊⠛⠥⠗⠑⠀⠷⠀⠼⠑⠀⠕⠥⠑⠗⠀⠑⠀⠝⠑⠭⠞⠀
⠋⠊⠛⠥⠗⠑⠎⠀⠓⠫⠑⠀⠃⠽⠤⠿⠑⠀⠞⠪⠜⠙⠀⠑⠀⠗⠽⠞⠀⠎⠊⠙⠑⠂⠀⠿⠀⠁⠞⠀
⠼⠁⠂⠀⠑⠀⠟⠥⠽⠡⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠕⠙⠙⠀⠝⠕⠍⠃⠗⠑⠂⠀⠎⠡⠁⠇⠇⠀⠌⠕⠝⠙⠑⠀
⠿⠀⠞⠢⠂⠀⠀⠼⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠓⠁⠇⠋⠑⠀⠷⠀⠼⠁⠚⠆⠀⠎⠀⠕⠥⠀⠍⠕⠌⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠑

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.