Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Mathematics / The Earliest Arithmetics in English / Braille

The Earliest Arithmetics in English ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

264,055 braille cells · 278 embossed pages at 40×25 · 19,564 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠗⠑⠺⠑⠂⠀⠑⠀⠟⠥⠽⠉⠓⠀⠗⠑⠺⠑⠀⠛⠕⠎⠑⠀⠧⠏⠺⠁⠗⠙⠑⠀
⠞⠊⠇⠀⠕⠥⠀⠉⠕⠍⠑⠀⠁⠛⠁⠽⠝⠑⠎⠀⠑⠀⠕⠑⠗⠀⠙⠊⠛⠑⠞⠞⠑⠀⠁⠞⠀
⠎⠊⠞⠞⠑⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠑⠀⠇⠽⠋⠞⠀⠎⠊⠙⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠑⠀⠞⠗⠊⠁⠝⠛⠇⠑⠲⠀
⠠⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠞⠀⠝⠕⠥⠝⠃⠗⠑⠂⠀⠑⠀⠟⠥⠽⠉⠓⠀⠕⠥⠀⠔⠔⠇⠑⠁⠋⠀
⠼⠁⠑⠑⠰⠃⠀⠋⠽⠝⠔⠔⠙⠑⠎⠀⠑⠗⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠑⠀⠝⠕⠥⠝⠃⠗⠑⠀⠁⠞⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠥⠇⠞⠊⠏⠇⠊⠉⠁⠉⠊⠕⠀⠕⠋⠀⠑⠀⠼⠃⠀
⠙⠊⠛⠊⠞⠞⠑⠎⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠽⠋⠀⠕⠥⠀⠺⠕⠇⠙⠀⠺⠑⠞⠑⠀⠟⠺⠁⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠼⠃⠀
⠞⠽⠍⠑⠎⠀⠼⠃⠲⠀⠇⠕⠅⠑⠀⠟⠥⠑⠗⠑⠀⠎⠊⠞⠞⠑⠎⠀⠼⠃⠀⠊⠝⠀⠑⠀⠇⠽⠋⠞
⠀⠎⠊⠙⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠑⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀⠗⠑⠺⠑⠂⠀⠓⠑⠀⠎⠊⠞⠞⠑⠎⠀⠝⠑⠭⠞⠀⠼⠁
⠀⠊⠝⠀⠑⠀⠇⠽⠋⠞⠀⠎⠊⠙⠑⠀⠁⠇⠀⠕⠝⠀⠓⠽⠑⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠕⠥⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠎⠑⠆
⠀⠑⠝⠀⠇⠕⠅⠑⠀⠟⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠎⠊⠞⠞⠑⠎⠀⠼⠃⠀⠊⠝⠀⠑⠀⠇⠕⠺⠽⠎⠞⠀
⠗⠑⠺⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠑⠀⠞⠗⠊⠁⠝⠛⠇⠑⠂⠀⠀⠛⠕⠀⠋⠗⠕⠀⠓⠽⠍⠀⠧⠏⠺⠁⠗⠙⠑⠀
⠊⠝⠀⠑⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠗⠑⠺⠑⠀⠞⠽⠇⠇⠑⠀⠕⠥⠀⠉⠕⠍⠑⠀⠁⠤⠑⠝⠑⠝⠑⠎⠀⠼⠃
⠀⠊⠝⠀⠑⠀⠓⠽⠑⠗⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠂⠀⠀⠑⠗⠀⠕⠥⠀⠎⠉⠓⠁⠇⠞⠀⠋⠽⠝⠙⠀
⠽⠺⠗⠊⠞⠑⠀⠼⠙⠂⠀⠀⠁⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠑⠀⠝⠕⠥⠝⠃⠗⠑⠀⠁⠞⠀⠉⠕⠍⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠑⠀⠍⠥⠇⠞⠊⠏⠇⠊⠉⠁⠉⠊⠕⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠞⠽⠍⠑⠎⠀⠞⠺⠑⠽⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠼⠙⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠕⠺⠀⠺⠕⠞⠑⠎⠞⠀⠺⠑⠇⠇⠑⠲⠀⠽⠋⠀⠑⠀⠙⠊⠛⠑⠞⠲⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠟⠥⠽⠉⠓⠀⠊⠎⠀⠍⠥⠇⠞⠊⠏⠇⠊⠑⠙⠂⠀⠃⠑⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠁⠝⠀⠑⠀⠕⠑⠗⠂⠀
⠕⠥⠀⠎⠉⠓⠁⠇⠞⠀⠇⠕⠅⠑⠀⠟⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠑⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠙⠊⠛⠑⠞⠀⠎⠊⠞⠞⠑⠎
⠀⠊⠝⠀⠑⠀⠇⠕⠺⠑⠎⠞⠀⠗⠑⠺⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠑⠀⠞⠗⠊⠁⠝⠛⠇⠑⠂⠀⠀⠛⠕⠀
⠧⠏⠺⠁⠗⠙⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠑⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠗⠑⠺⠑⠀⠞⠽⠇⠼⠁⠚⠀⠕⠥⠀⠉⠕⠍⠑⠀
⠁⠤⠝⠑⠝⠙⠑⠎⠀⠑⠀⠇⠁⠎⠎⠑⠀⠙⠊⠛⠑⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠽⠋⠞⠀⠎⠊⠙⠑⠲
⠀⠠⠁⠝⠙⠀⠑⠗⠑⠀⠕⠥⠀⠎⠉⠓⠁⠇⠞⠀⠋⠽⠝⠙⠑⠀⠑⠀⠝⠕⠍⠃⠗⠑⠀⠁⠞⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠑⠀⠍⠥⠇⠞⠊⠏⠇⠊⠉⠁⠉⠊⠕⠆⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠕⠥⠀⠎⠉⠓⠁⠇⠞⠀
⠧⠝⠙⠑⠗⠎⠞⠕⠝⠙⠑⠀⠁⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠗⠑⠺⠇⠑⠂⠀⠑⠀⠟⠥⠽⠉⠓⠀⠊⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.