Skip to content

Library / Engineering & Technology / The Early History of the Airplane / Braille

The Early History of the Airplane ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

82,674 braille cells · 87 embossed pages at 40×25 · 153 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠞⠑⠋⠥⠇⠀⠑⠭⠞⠗⠁⠧⠁⠛⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠕⠥⠝⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠙⠑⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠉⠕⠎⠞⠇⠽⠀⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠗⠽⠀⠕⠝⠀⠺⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀
⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠝⠕⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠅⠝⠑⠺⠀⠓⠕⠺⠀⠞⠕⠀⠍⠁⠝⠁⠛⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠏⠁⠗⠞⠇⠽⠂⠀⠝⠕⠀⠙⠕⠥⠃⠞⠂⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠭⠞⠗⠁⠕⠗⠙⠊⠝⠁⠗⠽
⠀⠉⠓⠁⠗⠍⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠑⠝⠞⠓⠥⠎⠊⠁⠎⠍⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠁⠏⠕⠎⠞⠇⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠕⠁⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠋⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠎⠑⠞⠀⠋⠕⠗⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠃⠑⠁⠥⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠁⠊⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠊⠗⠀⠕⠝⠀
⠋⠊⠭⠑⠙⠀⠺⠊⠝⠛⠎⠂⠀⠙⠑⠗⠊⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠕⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠏⠕⠺⠑⠗⠀
⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠊⠝⠙⠀⠊⠞⠎⠑⠇⠋⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠁⠇⠁⠝⠉⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋
⠀⠁⠀⠋⠇⠽⠑⠗⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠎⠑⠑⠍⠂⠀⠁⠞⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠞⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠃⠑⠀⠁⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠎⠊⠍⠏⠇⠑⠀⠍⠁⠞⠞⠑⠗⠂⠀⠽⠑⠞⠀⠁⠇⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀
⠑⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠑⠭⠏⠑⠗⠊⠍⠑⠝⠞⠑⠗⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠕⠝⠑
⠀⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠎⠁⠞⠊⠎⠋⠁⠉⠞⠕⠗⠊⠇⠽
⠀⠍⠁⠎⠞⠑⠗⠲⠀⠠⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠞⠀⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠎⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀
⠞⠗⠊⠑⠙⠲⠀⠠⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠑⠭⠏⠑⠗⠊⠍⠑⠝⠞⠑⠗⠎⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠉⠑⠝⠞⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠛⠗⠁⠧⠊⠞⠽⠀⠋⠁⠗⠀⠃⠑⠇⠕⠺⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠊⠝⠛⠎⠂⠀
⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠑⠇⠊⠑⠋⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠑⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀
⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠎⠑⠑⠅⠀⠞⠕⠀⠗⠑⠍⠁⠊⠝⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠕⠺⠑⠎⠞⠀
⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠗⠥⠑⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠂⠀⠇⠊⠅⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠏⠑⠝⠙⠥⠇⠥⠍⠂⠀⠊⠞⠀⠞⠑⠝⠙⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠑⠑⠅⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠕⠺⠑⠎⠞⠀
⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠆⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠂⠀⠇⠊⠅⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠑⠝⠙⠥⠇⠥⠍⠂⠀⠊⠞⠀
⠞⠑⠝⠙⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠕⠎⠉⠊⠇⠇⠁⠞⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠀⠍⠁⠝⠝⠑⠗⠀
⠙⠑⠎⠞⠗⠥⠉⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠎⠞⠁⠃⠊⠇⠊⠞⠽⠲⠀⠠⠁⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀
⠎⠁⠞⠊⠎⠋⠁⠉⠞⠕⠗⠽⠀⠎⠽⠎⠞⠑⠍⠂⠀⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀
⠇⠁⠞⠑⠗⠁⠇⠀⠃⠁⠇⠁⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠗⠗⠁⠝⠛⠊⠝⠛⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.