Skip to content

Library / Biochemistry / Old-Time Makers of Medicine / Braille

Old-Time Makers of Medicine ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

772,363 braille cells · 821 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,991 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠁⠎⠞⠀⠉⠑⠝⠞⠥⠗⠽⠀⠕⠗⠀⠞⠺⠕⠲⠀⠠⠕⠥⠗⠀⠓⠊⠎⠞⠕⠗⠊⠑⠎⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠍⠑⠙⠊⠉⠊⠝⠑⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠥⠎⠎⠀⠠⠛⠗⠑⠑⠅⠀⠍⠑⠙⠊⠉⠊⠝⠑⠀⠁⠞⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠑⠗⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠇⠑⠝⠛⠞⠓⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠏⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠍⠁⠅⠑⠗⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠑⠙⠊⠉⠊⠝⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠎⠥⠃⠎⠑⠟⠥⠑⠝⠞⠀⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀
⠊⠝⠋⠇⠥⠑⠝⠉⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠛⠗⠑⠑⠅⠎⠲⠀⠠⠛⠗⠑⠑⠅⠀
⠏⠓⠽⠎⠊⠉⠊⠁⠝⠎⠀⠺⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠎⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠉⠕⠍⠑⠀⠙⠕⠺⠝⠀⠞⠕
⠀⠥⠎⠀⠎⠑⠑⠍⠀⠝⠑⠁⠗⠑⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠥⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠑⠙⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀
⠺⠗⠊⠞⠑⠗⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠁⠎⠞⠀⠋⠑⠺⠀
⠉⠑⠝⠞⠥⠗⠊⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠑⠟⠥⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠺⠑⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠀⠁⠝⠙
⠀⠁⠏⠏⠗⠑⠉⠊⠁⠞⠑⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠺⠑⠇⠇⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠗⠥⠇⠑⠀⠓⠕⠺⠀⠍⠥⠉⠓
⠀⠠⠛⠗⠑⠑⠅⠀⠍⠑⠙⠊⠉⠊⠝⠑⠀⠁⠉⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠊⠎⠓⠑⠙⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠕⠥⠗⠀⠁⠙⠍⠊⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠇⠊⠛⠑⠝⠞⠀
⠕⠃⠎⠑⠗⠧⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠃⠗⠑⠁⠙⠞⠓⠀⠕⠋⠀⠧⠊⠑⠺⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠛⠗⠑⠑⠅⠎⠂⠀⠺⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠞⠊⠍⠑⠎⠀⠏⠗⠕⠝⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠊⠝⠅
⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠧⠑⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠙⠕⠺⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠗⠁⠞⠊⠧⠑⠇⠽⠀⠗⠑⠉⠑⠝⠞
⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠎⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠇⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠛⠗⠑⠎⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠂⠀
⠊⠝⠙⠑⠑⠙⠂⠀⠎⠉⠁⠗⠉⠑⠇⠽⠀⠗⠑⠞⠁⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠛⠗⠑⠑⠅⠎⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠙⠕⠝⠑⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠗⠕⠍⠁⠝⠎⠀⠉⠑⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝⠇⠽
⠀⠚⠥⠎⠞⠊⠋⠽⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠁⠎⠎⠥⠍⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠝⠕⠝⠤⠁⠉⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠊⠎⠓⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠍⠑⠙⠊⠉⠊⠝⠑⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠝
⠀⠊⠝⠀⠑⠧⠑⠗⠽⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠇⠇⠑⠉⠞⠥⠁⠇⠀⠠⠗⠕⠍⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀
⠝⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀⠍⠥⠉⠓⠀⠃⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠁⠀⠺⠑⠁⠅⠀⠉⠕⠏⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠠⠛⠗⠑⠑⠅⠀⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠞⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠗⠕⠍⠁⠝⠎⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.