Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Teaching / Essays on Various Subjects / Braille

Essays on Various Subjects ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

160,758 braille cells · 171 embossed pages at 40×25 · 123 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠝⠽⠂⠀⠺⠓⠕⠀
⠏⠑⠗⠓⠁⠏⠎⠀⠍⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠛⠁⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀
⠊⠍⠏⠗⠕⠧⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠊⠝⠥⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀⠁
⠀⠉⠕⠝⠧⠑⠗⠎⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠁⠀⠺⠑⠑⠅⠄⠎⠀⠗⠑⠁⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠽⠊⠑⠇⠙⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠆⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠝⠽⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠀⠁⠝⠀⠑⠙⠛⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠄⠎⠀⠺⠊⠞⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠊⠗⠕⠝⠀⠎⠓⠁⠗⠏⠑⠝⠑⠞⠓⠀
⠊⠗⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠠⠠⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠎⠊⠇⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠁⠗⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠕⠝⠧⠑⠗⠎⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠇⠇⠕⠺⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽
⠀⠠⠉⠊⠉⠑⠗⠕⠀⠓⠊⠍⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂⠀⠺⠓⠕⠀⠎⠁⠽⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞
⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠁⠝⠀⠁⠗⠞⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀⠁⠝⠀⠑⠇⠕⠟⠥⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠊⠞⠲⠀⠠⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠕⠏⠊⠝⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀⠉⠕⠝⠋⠊⠗⠍⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠀
⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠍⠕⠙⠑⠗⠝⠼⠑⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠕⠇⠇⠕⠺⠊⠝⠛⠀⠇⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀
⠁⠝⠑⠉⠙⠕⠞⠑⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠝⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠎⠲⠀⠀
⠠⠠⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀⠠⠛⠗⠑⠉⠊⠁⠝⠀⠏⠓⠊⠇⠕⠎⠕⠏⠓⠑⠗⠎⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠁⠀
⠎⠕⠇⠑⠍⠝⠀⠍⠑⠑⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠃⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠍⠃⠁⠎⠎⠁⠙⠕⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠁⠀⠋⠕⠗⠑⠊⠛⠝⠀⠏⠗⠊⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠑⠝⠙⠑⠁⠧⠕⠥⠗⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠎⠓⠑⠺⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠎⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠗⠊⠇⠇⠊⠁⠝⠉⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠧⠑⠗⠎⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠍⠃⠁⠎⠎⠁⠙⠕⠗⠀⠍⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀
⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕⠀⠗⠑⠇⠁⠞⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠛⠗⠑⠉⠊⠁⠝
⠀⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍⠲⠀⠠⠕⠝⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠂⠀⠕⠋⠋⠑⠝⠙⠑⠙⠂⠀⠝⠕⠀
⠙⠕⠥⠃⠞⠂⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠕⠟⠥⠁⠉⠊⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠝⠊⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀⠕⠃⠎⠑⠗⠧⠑⠙⠀⠁⠀⠏⠗⠕⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠎⠊⠇⠑⠝⠉⠑⠆
⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠍⠃⠁⠎⠎⠁⠙⠕⠗⠂⠀⠞⠥⠗⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠊⠍⠂⠀
⠁⠎⠅⠑⠙⠂⠀⠠⠃⠥⠞⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠽⠕⠥⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠁⠽⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.