Skip to content

Library / Biology / A History of Science, Volume 1(of 5) / Braille

A History of Science, Volume 1(of 5) ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

506,199 braille cells · 539 embossed pages at 40×25 · 551 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠊⠋⠊⠉⠀⠕⠃⠎⠑⠗⠧⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠃⠑
⠀⠊⠝⠋⠑⠗⠗⠑⠙⠂⠀⠓⠕⠺⠑⠧⠑⠗⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠕⠃⠎⠑⠗⠧⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠍⠏⠇⠊⠑⠙⠀⠁⠀⠝⠑⠉⠑⠎⠎⠁⠗⠽⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠉⠑⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠑⠞⠑⠀⠗⠑⠧⠕⠇⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠃⠕⠙⠊⠑⠎⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠁⠗⠞⠓⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠥⠝⠝⠑⠉⠑⠎⠎⠁⠗⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠏⠑⠉⠥⠇⠁⠞⠑⠀⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠕⠺⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠊⠍⠊⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠇⠇⠊⠛⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠉⠑⠊⠧⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠞⠗⠁⠝⠎⠋⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠥⠝⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠑⠎⠞⠑⠗⠝⠀⠞⠕
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠁⠎⠞⠑⠗⠝⠀⠓⠕⠗⠊⠵⠕⠝⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠑⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞⠑⠙⠀
⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠝⠊⠛⠓⠞⠂⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠺⠑⠀⠎⠓⠁⠇⠇⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠕⠉⠉⠁⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠑⠭⠁⠍⠊⠝⠑⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠓⠊⠎⠞⠕⠗⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠎⠏⠑⠉⠥⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀
⠗⠑⠛⠁⠗⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠏⠓⠑⠝⠕⠍⠑⠝⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠺⠑⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀
⠁⠎⠎⠥⠍⠑⠂⠀⠓⠕⠺⠑⠧⠑⠗⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠙⠑⠁⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠞⠗⠁⠝⠎⠋⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠑⠁⠧⠑⠝⠇⠽⠀⠃⠕⠙⠊⠑⠎⠀⠃⠑⠝⠑⠁⠞⠓⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠁⠗⠞⠓⠀⠶⠺⠓⠁⠞⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠉⠑⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠕
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠃⠕⠙⠽⠶⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠑⠁⠗⠇⠽⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀
⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞⠑⠙⠀⠊⠞⠎⠑⠇⠋⠲⠀⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠗⠑⠟⠥⠊⠗⠑⠙⠀⠁⠀
⠗⠑⠇⠁⠞⠊⠧⠑⠇⠽⠀⠓⠊⠛⠓⠀⠙⠑⠧⠑⠇⠕⠏⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠕⠃⠎⠑⠗⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠋⠁⠉⠥⠇⠞⠊⠑⠎⠂⠀⠽⠑⠞⠀⠁⠀⠙⠑⠧⠑⠇⠕⠏⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀
⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠍⠁⠝⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠁⠞⠞⠁⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠁⠛⠑⠎⠀⠃⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠊⠎⠞⠕⠗⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠏⠑⠗⠊⠕⠙⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀⠝⠕⠞⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠍⠕⠕⠝⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠎⠑⠉⠕⠝⠙⠁⠗⠽⠀⠍⠕⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀
⠇⠑⠁⠙⠎⠀⠊⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠓⠊⠋⠞⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠗⠑⠇⠁⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀
⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠑⠁⠧⠑⠝⠎⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠗⠑⠛⠁⠗⠙⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠞⠁⠗⠎⠆⠀
⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠞⠁⠗⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠎⠑⠇⠧⠑⠎⠂⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.