Skip to content

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 508, September 26, 1885 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 508, September 26, 1885 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

224,891 braille cells · 238 embossed pages at 40×25 · 816 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠍⠊⠝⠥⠞⠑⠀⠎⠏⠁⠉⠑⠎⠀⠃⠑⠞⠺⠑⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠍⠁⠇⠇⠀⠛⠗⠁⠊⠝⠎⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠎⠁⠝⠙⠂⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠑⠝⠞⠊⠗⠑⠇⠽⠀⠋⠊⠇⠇⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠉⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠍⠁⠞⠑⠗⠊⠁⠇⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠉⠗⠑⠧⠊⠉⠑⠎⠀
⠓⠕⠇⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠉⠕⠝⠙⠥⠉⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠊⠇⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠗⠁⠗⠑⠂⠀⠁⠇⠇
⠀⠋⠊⠎⠎⠥⠗⠑⠎⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠗⠥⠇⠑⠀⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠉⠕⠝⠋⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠥⠏⠏⠑⠗⠀⠋⠗⠑⠎⠓⠤⠺⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠃⠑⠁⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠗⠕⠉⠅⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠑⠇⠇⠲⠀⠠⠍⠗⠲⠀⠠⠉⠁⠗⠇⠇⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠠⠊⠊⠊⠲⠀
⠠⠏⠑⠝⠝⠎⠽⠇⠧⠁⠝⠊⠁⠀⠠⠎⠑⠉⠕⠝⠙⠀⠠⠛⠑⠕⠇⠕⠛⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀
⠠⠎⠥⠗⠧⠑⠽⠂⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠥⠎⠎⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠎⠥⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽
⠀⠋⠥⠇⠇⠽⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠑⠎⠞⠊⠍⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠟⠥⠁⠝⠞⠊⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠕⠊⠇⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠝⠙⠀⠗⠕⠉⠅⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀
⠓⠕⠇⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠙⠑⠇⠊⠧⠑⠗⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠁⠀⠺⠑⠇⠇⠆⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠂⠀⠠⠞⠲⠀
⠠⠎⠞⠑⠗⠗⠽⠀⠠⠓⠥⠝⠞⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠠⠉⠓⠑⠍⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠠⠛⠑⠕⠇⠕⠛⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠠⠑⠎⠎⠁⠽⠎⠂⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠙⠑⠙⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎
⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠑⠞⠗⠕⠇⠑⠥⠍⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠁⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠝⠊⠁⠛⠁⠗⠁⠀⠇⠊⠍⠑⠎⠞⠕⠝⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠕⠥⠞⠉⠗⠕⠏⠎⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀
⠠⠉⠓⠊⠉⠁⠛⠕⠲⠀⠀⠠⠺⠓⠊⠇⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠭⠏⠑⠗⠊⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠉⠇⠥⠎⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠛⠑⠕⠇⠕⠛⠊⠎⠞⠎⠀⠛⠕⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠧⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠗⠕⠉⠅⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠉⠁⠏⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠓⠕⠇⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠊⠇⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠕⠝⠀⠗⠑⠉⠕⠗⠙⠀⠝⠕⠀
⠋⠁⠉⠞⠎⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠓⠑⠝⠕⠍⠑⠝⠁⠀⠕⠋⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠋⠇⠕⠺⠂⠀
⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠃⠽⠀⠉⠁⠏⠊⠇⠇⠁⠗⠊⠞⠽⠂⠀⠞⠓⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠗⠕⠉⠅⠲⠀⠠⠞⠕⠀⠕⠃⠞⠁⠊⠝⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠙⠁⠞⠁⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠇⠕⠺⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠇⠊⠟⠥⠊⠙⠎⠀⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠥⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀
⠉⠑⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝⠀⠕⠊⠇⠤⠃⠑⠁⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠎⠞⠕⠝⠑⠎⠂⠀⠎⠑⠗⠊⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.