Skip to content

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 441, June 14, 1884. / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 441, June 14, 1884. ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

245,772 braille cells · 257 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,815 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠎⠞⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠊⠋⠊⠉⠀
⠠⠠⠁⠍⠑⠗⠊⠉⠁⠝⠀⠠⠠⠎⠥⠏⠏⠇⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠠⠠⠝⠕⠲⠀⠼⠙⠙⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠠⠝⠑⠺⠀⠠⠠⠽⠕⠗⠅⠂⠀⠠⠠⠚⠥⠝⠑⠀⠼⠁⠙⠂⠀⠼⠁⠓⠓⠙⠀⠀
⠠⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠊⠋⠊⠉⠀⠠⠁⠍⠑⠗⠊⠉⠁⠝⠀⠠⠎⠥⠏⠏⠇⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠲⠀⠠⠧⠕⠇⠲
⠀⠠⠠⠭⠧⠊⠊⠲⠂⠀⠠⠝⠕⠲⠀⠼⠙⠙⠁⠲⠀⠀⠠⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠊⠋⠊⠉⠀
⠠⠁⠍⠑⠗⠊⠉⠁⠝⠀⠑⠎⠞⠁⠃⠇⠊⠎⠓⠑⠙⠀⠼⠁⠓⠙⠑⠀⠀⠠⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠊⠋⠊⠉
⠀⠠⠁⠍⠑⠗⠊⠉⠁⠝⠀⠠⠎⠥⠏⠏⠇⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠂⠀⠼⠑⠀⠁⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠲⠀⠀
⠠⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠊⠋⠊⠉⠀⠠⠁⠍⠑⠗⠊⠉⠁⠝⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠎⠥⠏⠏⠇⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠂⠀
⠼⠛⠀⠁⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀
⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠠⠠⠕⠋⠀⠠⠠⠉⠕⠝⠞⠑⠝⠞⠎⠲
⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠲⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠉⠓⠑⠍⠊⠎⠞⠗⠽⠀⠠⠠⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠠⠠⠍⠑⠞⠁⠇⠇⠥⠗⠛⠽⠲⠤⠤⠠⠕⠝⠀
⠠⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠗⠕⠇⠽⠎⠊⠎⠲⠤⠤⠠⠏⠗⠑⠉⠊⠏⠊⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠇⠑⠁⠙⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠇⠇⠊⠥⠍⠂⠀⠎⠊⠇⠧⠑⠗⠂⠀⠃⠊⠎⠍⠥⠞⠓⠂⠀
⠍⠁⠝⠛⠁⠝⠑⠎⠑⠂⠀⠑⠞⠉⠲⠤⠤⠠⠃⠽⠀⠠⠓⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠎⠉⠓⠥⠉⠓⠞⠀
⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠗⠕⠤⠠⠉⠓⠑⠍⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠠⠑⠟⠥⠊⠧⠁⠇⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠠⠎⠊⠇⠧⠑⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠵⠊⠗⠉⠕⠝⠲⠤⠤⠠⠓⠕⠺⠀⠊⠞⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠗⠑⠝⠙⠑⠗⠑⠙⠀⠎⠕⠇⠥⠃⠇⠑⠲⠤⠤⠠⠃⠽⠀⠠⠋⠲⠀⠠⠠⠎⠞⠕⠇⠃⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠁⠀⠠⠝⠑⠺⠀⠠⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠎⠎⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠠⠍⠁⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠠⠺⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠞⠀
⠠⠊⠗⠕⠝⠀⠠⠙⠊⠗⠑⠉⠞⠇⠽⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠕⠗⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠤⠤⠠⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠗⠊⠎⠕⠝⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠎⠎⠑⠎⠲⠤⠤⠠⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠙⠑⠎⠉⠗⠊⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠑⠝⠛⠗⠁⠧⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠏⠏⠁⠗⠁⠞⠥⠎⠀⠥⠎⠑⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠠⠗⠑⠍⠁⠗⠅⠎⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠙⠑⠞⠑⠗⠍⠊⠝⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠠⠓⠁⠗⠙⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠺⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.