Library / Philosophy / Past and Present / Braille
Past and Present ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.
Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt
562,017 braille cells · 591 embossed pages at 40×25 · 620 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠝⠑⠧⠻⠀⠎⠀⠸⠍⠀⠛⠊⠃⠃⠑⠞⠎⠀⠯⠀⠓⠁⠝⠛⠍⠢⠂⠀⠭⠀⠺⠀⠝⠀⠀⠌⠯⠂⠀⠭ ⠀⠸⠉⠀⠌⠯⠲⠀⠀⠠⠋⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠎⠳⠇⠎⠀⠷⠀⠍⠢⠂⠀⠋⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠑⠝⠙⠎⠀⠷⠀ ⠠⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠂⠀⠋⠀⠮⠀⠠⠹⠗⠕⠝⠑⠀⠷⠀⠠⠛⠕⠙⠀⠁⠃⠕⠧⠑⠂⠀⠮⠗⠑⠀ ⠁⠗⠑⠀⠧⠕⠊⠉⠑⠎⠀⠃⠊⠙⠙⠬⠀⠀⠭⠒⠀⠀⠠⠁⠺⠁⠽⠂⠀⠁⠺⠁⠽⠖⠀⠀ ⠠⠙⠕⠑⠎⠀⠭⠀⠞⠁⠅⠑⠀⠝⠕⠀⠺⠜⠝⠬⠆⠀⠀⠙⠕⠑⠎⠀⠭⠀⠌⠯⠂⠀⠌⠗⠕⠝⠛⠀ ⠔⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠹⠗⠑⠑⠀⠗⠑⠁⠙⠬⠎⠂⠀⠔⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠛⠊⠃⠃⠑⠞⠎⠀⠯⠀ ⠁⠗⠞⠊⠇⠇⠻⠽⠤⠏⠜⠅⠎⠦⠀⠀⠠⠮⠀⠀⠍⠀⠺⠕⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠭⠂⠀⠮⠀ ⠋⠗⠊⠛⠓⠞⠋⠥⠇⠇⠻⠀⠺⠕⠑⠲⠀⠀⠠⠭⠀⠺⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠔⠥⠑⠀⠀⠌⠯⠬⠂⠀⠿⠀ ⠊⠞⠎⠀⠙⠁⠽⠂⠀⠿⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠽⠑⠜⠂⠀⠿⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠉⠢⠞⠥⠗⠽⠂⠀⠙⠕⠬⠀⠀ ⠑⠧⠊⠇⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠮⠀⠱⠊⠇⠑⠆⠀⠀⠃⠀⠭⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠠⠐⠕⠀⠑⠝⠑⠍⠽⠀⠱⠕⠀ ⠊⠎⠀⠠⠁⠇⠍⠊⠛⠓⠞⠽⠒⠀⠀⠙⠊⠎⠎⠕⠇⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠑⠭⠏⠇⠕⠎⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠯ ⠀⠮⠀⠑⠧⠻⠇⠁⠌⠬⠀⠠⠇⠁⠺⠎⠀⠷⠀⠠⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠀⠊⠝⠉⠑⠎⠎⠁⠝⠞⠇⠽⠀ ⠁⠙⠧⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠞⠪⠜⠙⠎⠀⠭⠆⠀⠀⠯⠀⠮⠀⠙⠑⠑⠏⠻⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠗⠕⠕⠞⠬⠂⠀⠍ ⠀⠀⠕⠃⠌⠔⠁⠞⠑⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠔⠥⠬⠂⠀⠮⠀⠙⠑⠑⠏⠻⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠯⠀ ⠓⠥⠛⠻⠀⠺⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠗⠥⠔⠀⠀⠯⠀⠕⠧⠻⠞⠥⠗⠝⠀⠃⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠔⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀ ⠠⠛⠕⠙⠄⠎⠤⠸⠺⠂⠀⠾⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠺⠊⠇⠙⠤⠱⠊⠗⠇⠬⠀⠑⠙⠙⠊⠑⠎⠀⠯⠀⠍⠁⠙ ⠀⠀⠋⠕⠁⠍⠤⠕⠉⠑⠁⠝⠎⠂⠀⠱⠻⠑⠀⠍⠢⠀⠯⠀⠝⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠏⠻⠊⠩⠀⠵⠀ ⠊⠋⠀⠾⠳⠞⠀⠇⠁⠺⠂⠀⠯⠀⠀⠚⠥⠙⠛⠍⠢⠞⠀⠿⠀⠁⠝⠀⠥⠝⠚⠥⠌⠀⠹⠬⠀⠊⠎⠀ ⠌⠻⠝⠇⠽⠀⠙⠑⠇⠁⠽⠫⠂⠀⠙⠕⠌⠀⠹⠳⠀⠹⠔⠅⠀⠀⠞⠀⠮⠗⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠮⠗⠑⠿⠑ ⠀⠝⠕⠀⠚⠥⠌⠊⠉⠑⠦⠀⠀⠠⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀⠱⠁⠞⠀⠮⠀⠋⠕⠕⠇⠀⠓⠁⠹⠀⠀⠎⠁⠊⠙⠀ ⠔⠀⠦⠀⠓⠑⠜⠞⠲⠀⠀⠠⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀⠱⠁⠞⠀⠮⠀⠺⠊⠎⠑⠂⠀⠔⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀ ⠞⠊⠍⠑⠎⠂⠀⠶⠀⠺⠊⠎⠑⠀⠀⠃⠑⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠀⠮⠽⠀⠙⠢⠊⠫⠂⠀⠯⠀⠅⠝⠑⠺⠀ ⠿⠑⠧⠻⠀⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠲⠀⠀⠠⠊⠀⠞⠑⠇⠇⠀⠮⠑⠀⠀⠁⠛⠁⠔⠂⠀⠮⠗⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀ ⠝⠕⠹⠬⠀⠑⠇⠎⠑⠀⠃⠀⠚⠥⠌⠊⠉⠑⠲⠀⠀⠠⠐⠕⠀⠌⠗⠕⠝⠛⠀⠹⠬⠀⠠⠊⠀⠀ ⠋⠔⠙⠀⠐⠓⠀⠃⠑⠇⠪⠒⠀⠀⠮⠀⠚⠀⠹⠬⠂⠀⠮⠀⠞⠗⠥⠑⠀⠹⠬⠲⠀⠀⠠⠍⠽⠀
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.