Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Physics / Experimental Determination of the Velocity of Light / Braille

Experimental Determination of the Velocity of Light ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

78,060 braille cells · 82 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,826 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠙⠑⠋⠇⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠊⠛⠥⠗⠑⠀⠗⠑⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠎⠞⠕⠗⠞⠑⠙⠀⠍⠊⠗⠗⠕⠗⠀⠁⠞⠀⠗⠑⠎⠞⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠎⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠍⠕⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠎⠁⠧⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠍⠁⠛⠑⠎⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑
⠀⠙⠑⠋⠇⠑⠉⠞⠑⠙⠀⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠗⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠗⠕⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠍⠏⠑⠗⠋⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠇⠑⠝⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠎⠥⠛⠛⠑⠎⠞⠑⠙⠀
⠞⠓⠁⠞⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠑⠝⠉⠊⠇⠀⠛⠕⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀
⠕⠝⠑⠤⠓⠁⠇⠋⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠑⠝⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠗⠑⠞⠥⠗⠝⠎⠀
⠞⠓⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠏⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠑⠀⠓⠁⠇⠋⠂⠀⠊⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀
⠓⠁⠇⠧⠑⠎⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠑⠭⠁⠉⠞⠇⠽⠀⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠁⠗⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠗⠑⠞⠥⠗⠝⠀⠊⠍⠁⠛⠑⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠉⠕⠊⠝⠉⠊⠙⠑⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠎⠇⠊⠞⠀⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠊⠗⠗⠕⠗⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀⠗⠑⠎⠞⠲⠀
⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠥⠝⠙⠕⠥⠃⠞⠑⠙⠇⠽⠀⠃⠑⠀⠞⠗⠥⠑⠀⠊⠋⠀⠺⠑⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠑⠗⠀⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠕⠝⠑⠤⠓⠁⠇⠋⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠗⠊⠛⠊⠝⠁⠇⠀
⠏⠑⠝⠉⠊⠇⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠑⠧⠊⠙⠑⠝⠞⠂⠀⠓⠕⠺⠑⠧⠑⠗⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠓⠁⠇⠋⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠏⠥⠗⠎⠥⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠁⠗⠽⠀⠉⠕⠥⠗⠎⠑⠂⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠝⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠊⠍⠁⠛⠑⠀
⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠀⠋⠁⠇⠇⠎⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠎⠊⠙⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠎⠇⠊⠞⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠃⠕⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠊⠍⠁⠛⠑⠎⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠑⠀⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠧⠊⠑⠺⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠊⠝⠑⠀⠍⠊⠙⠺⠁⠽⠀
⠃⠑⠞⠺⠑⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠉⠕⠊⠝⠉⠊⠙⠑⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠞⠗⠥⠑⠀⠀⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠝⠕⠀⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀⠑⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀
⠕⠃⠎⠑⠗⠧⠑⠙⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠥⠝⠇⠊⠅⠑⠇⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠕⠉⠉⠥⠗⠲⠀⠠⠊⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠑⠝⠎⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠊⠍⠏⠑⠗⠋⠑⠉⠞⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.