Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Physics / Experimental Determination of the Velocity of Light / Braille

Experimental Determination of the Velocity of Light ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

78,060 braille cells · 82 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,932 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠑⠝⠞⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠛⠗⠁⠧⠊⠞⠽⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠭⠊⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠗⠕⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠙⠕⠝⠑⠂⠀⠋⠕⠇⠇⠕⠺⠊⠝⠛⠀⠀
⠠⠋⠕⠥⠉⠁⠥⠇⠞⠄⠎⠀⠏⠇⠁⠝⠂⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠇⠇⠕⠺⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠊⠧⠕⠞⠎
⠀⠞⠕⠀⠗⠑⠎⠞⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠊⠝⠉⠇⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠏⠇⠁⠝⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀
⠛⠇⠁⠎⠎⠂⠀⠁⠇⠇⠕⠺⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠗⠗⠁⠝⠛⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠉⠕⠍⠑⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠗⠑⠎⠞⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠋⠊⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠺⠁⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠇⠕⠺⠑⠎⠞⠀
⠏⠁⠗⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠆⠀⠞⠗⠽⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠛⠁⠊⠝⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠕⠀
⠕⠝⠂⠀⠞⠊⠇⠇⠀⠊⠞⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠗⠑⠎⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠀⠊⠝⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠞⠀
⠑⠟⠥⠊⠇⠊⠃⠗⠊⠥⠍⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠀⠉⠕⠗⠗⠑⠎⠏⠕⠝⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠠⠉⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠋⠕⠥⠉⠁⠥⠇⠞⠄⠎⠀⠀⠁⠏⠏⠁⠗⠁⠞⠥⠎⠂⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀
⠋⠥⠗⠝⠊⠎⠓⠑⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠗⠑⠑⠀⠧⠑⠗⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠎⠉⠗⠑⠺⠎⠂⠀⠃⠽
⠀⠍⠕⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠁⠭⠊⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠋⠊⠛⠥⠗⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀
⠃⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠞⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠉⠕⠊⠝⠉⠊⠙⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠭⠊⠎⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠗⠕⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠁⠙⠚⠥⠎⠞⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀
⠞⠗⠕⠥⠃⠇⠑⠎⠕⠍⠑⠲⠀⠠⠋⠕⠗⠞⠥⠝⠁⠞⠑⠇⠽⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠁⠏⠏⠁⠗⠁⠞⠥⠎⠀⠊⠞⠀⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠥⠝⠝⠑⠉⠑⠎⠎⠁⠗⠽⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠙⠚⠥⠎⠞⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠏⠑⠗⠋⠑⠉⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠏⠏⠁⠗⠁⠞⠥⠎⠀⠗⠑⠧⠕⠇⠧⠑⠎⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠕⠥⠞⠀
⠛⠊⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠀⠎⠕⠥⠝⠙⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠁⠉⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠊⠎⠓⠑⠙⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠕⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀⠗⠑⠛⠥⠇⠁⠗⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠏⠑⠑⠙⠀⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠲⠀⠠⠁⠀⠎⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠙⠑⠧⠊⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀
⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠎⠀⠁⠀⠎⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠙⠥⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠁⠞⠞⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠊⠧⠕⠞⠎⠀⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠕⠉⠅⠑⠞⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠏⠑⠑⠙⠀⠊⠎
⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠍⠥⠉⠓⠀⠙⠊⠍⠊⠝⠊⠎⠓⠑⠙⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠊⠧⠕⠞⠎⠀
⠃⠑⠛⠊⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠀⠺⠑⠁⠗⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠠⠋⠕⠥⠉⠁⠥⠇⠞⠄⠎⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.