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Clerk Maxwell's electromagnetic theory ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

33,658 braille cells · 36 embossed pages at 40×25 · 86 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠉⠕⠝⠞⠑⠝⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠃⠕⠞⠓⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠲⠀
⠠⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠁⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠗⠽⠎⠞⠁⠇⠎⠀⠊⠞⠀⠃⠑⠉⠁⠍⠑⠀
⠉⠑⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠙⠕⠥⠃⠇⠑⠀⠗⠑⠋⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠀⠊⠎
⠀⠙⠥⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠝⠀⠊⠝⠑⠟⠥⠁⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠗⠊⠉⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠏⠑⠗⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠞⠀⠀⠙⠊⠗⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠎⠕⠂⠀⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠊⠉⠥⠇⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠕⠥⠞⠎⠞⠁⠝⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠃⠇⠑⠍⠎⠀⠍⠑⠇⠞⠑⠙⠀⠁⠺⠁⠽⠀⠁⠎⠀⠎⠝⠕⠺⠀⠀⠃⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠎⠥⠝⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠙⠑⠑⠙⠂⠀⠁⠀⠗⠑⠧⠊⠑⠺⠑⠗⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀
⠁⠉⠞⠥⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠗⠑⠙⠀⠀⠠⠍⠁⠭⠺⠑⠇⠇⠄⠎⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠥⠝⠂⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠉⠗⠊⠞⠊⠉⠊⠎⠍⠀⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠎⠏⠕⠞⠎⠀⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠥⠝⠀⠊⠞⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂⠀
⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠂⠀⠓⠕⠺⠑⠧⠑⠗⠂⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠧⠊⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠀⠎⠁⠧⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠞⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠺⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠀⠑⠽⠑⠎⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀⠃⠑⠁⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠥⠇⠇⠀
⠛⠇⠁⠗⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠇⠕⠺⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠗⠃⠲⠀⠠⠍⠽⠀⠑⠽⠑⠎⠀
⠉⠑⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝⠇⠽⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠁⠎⠀⠎⠞⠗⠕⠝⠛⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠲⠀
⠠⠊⠀⠉⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠎⠑⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠏⠕⠞⠎⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠠⠊⠀
⠉⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠎⠑⠑⠀⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠥⠝⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀
⠑⠝⠞⠊⠗⠑⠇⠽⠀⠥⠝⠉⠇⠕⠥⠙⠑⠙⠆⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠎⠥⠝⠀⠁⠇⠺⠁⠽⠎⠀⠺⠁⠎⠦
⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠁⠇⠺⠁⠽⠎⠀⠑⠁⠎⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀⠛⠗⠁⠎⠏⠀
⠠⠍⠁⠭⠺⠑⠇⠇⠄⠎⠀⠊⠙⠑⠁⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠋⠑⠑⠇⠎⠀⠁⠀⠺⠁⠝⠞⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠥⠝⠊⠞⠽⠀⠀⠊⠝⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠃⠕⠕⠅⠂⠀⠙⠥⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠀
⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠞⠀⠋⠁⠊⠞⠓⠋⠥⠇⠇⠽⠀⠗⠑⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠑⠎⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠛⠗⠁⠙⠥⠁⠇⠀⠀⠞⠗⠁⠝⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠕⠇⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀
⠊⠙⠑⠁⠎⠲⠀⠠⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠺⠑⠀⠗⠑⠁⠙⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠠⠍⠁⠭⠺⠑⠇⠇⠀⠎⠁⠽⠎⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠀⠠⠁⠍⠏⠗⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠋⠁⠗⠁⠙⠁⠽⠂⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠑⠗⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.