Library / Physics / Clerk Maxwell's electromagnetic theory / Braille
Clerk Maxwell's electromagnetic theory ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt
33,658 braille cells · 36 embossed pages at 40×25 · 86 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠕⠗⠀⠎⠇⠕⠺⠇⠽⠀⠁⠇⠞⠑⠗⠝⠁⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠉⠥⠗⠗⠑⠝⠞⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠊⠎ ⠀⠀⠉⠑⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝⠇⠽⠀⠁⠀⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠎⠏⠇⠑⠝⠙⠊⠙⠀ ⠉⠕⠝⠋⠊⠗⠍⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠥⠝⠞⠑⠗⠏⠁⠗⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀ ⠧⠑⠗⠊⠋⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠛⠁⠎⠑⠕⠥⠎⠀⠃⠕⠙⠊⠑⠎⠀ ⠁⠞⠀⠇⠑⠁⠎⠞⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠀⠎⠁⠞⠊⠎⠋⠁⠉⠞⠕⠗⠽⠂⠀⠕⠋ ⠀⠠⠍⠁⠭⠺⠑⠇⠇⠄⠎⠀⠗⠑⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠗⠊⠉⠀ ⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠁⠝⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠊⠝⠙⠑⠭⠀⠕⠋⠀⠗⠑⠋⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠀ ⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠓⠑⠝⠕⠍⠑⠝⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠥⠗⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀ ⠗⠁⠙⠊⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠎⠑⠗⠧⠑⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠎⠑⠉⠕⠝⠙⠀⠀⠑⠭⠁⠍⠏⠇⠑ ⠀⠕⠋⠀⠧⠑⠗⠊⠋⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠁⠀⠃⠑⠁⠍⠀⠕⠋⠀⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀ ⠋⠁⠇⠇⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠎⠁⠽⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠕⠗⠍⠁⠇⠀⠀⠙⠊⠗⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀ ⠕⠝⠀⠁⠀⠍⠊⠗⠗⠕⠗⠀⠑⠭⠑⠗⠞⠎⠀⠕⠝⠀⠊⠞⠀⠁⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠥⠗⠑⠀ ⠏⠗⠕⠏⠕⠗⠞⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠝⠎⠊⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠃⠑⠁⠍⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠙⠑⠙⠥⠉⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠠⠍⠁⠭⠺⠑⠇⠇⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀ ⠋⠕⠗⠍⠥⠇⠁⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠓⠑⠀⠀⠉⠁⠇⠉⠥⠇⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠉⠑⠀ ⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠃⠑⠀⠑⠭⠏⠑⠉⠞⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠁⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀ ⠎⠥⠝⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠀⠇⠁⠎⠞⠑⠙⠀⠁⠀⠟⠥⠁⠗⠞⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀ ⠉⠑⠝⠞⠥⠗⠽⠀⠃⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀⠠⠇⠑⠃⠑⠙⠑⠺⠀⠎⠥⠉⠉⠑⠑⠙⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀ ⠕⠃⠎⠑⠗⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠀⠎⠍⠁⠇⠇⠀⠋⠕⠗⠉⠑⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠂⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀ ⠎⠥⠝⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠂⠀⠁⠍⠕⠥⠝⠞⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠝⠕⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀ ⠁⠀⠞⠑⠝⠀⠀⠍⠊⠇⠇⠊⠕⠝⠞⠓⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀⠛⠗⠁⠍⠍⠑⠀⠺⠑⠊⠛⠓⠞ ⠀⠏⠑⠗⠀⠉⠍⠲⠼⠃⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀⠀ ⠙⠊⠋⠋⠊⠉⠥⠇⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠙⠊⠎⠑⠝⠞⠁⠝⠛⠇⠑⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀ ⠋⠕⠗⠉⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀ ⠎⠥⠗⠗⠕⠥⠝⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠛⠁⠎⠂⠀⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.