Skip to content

Library / Physics / Clerk Maxwell's electromagnetic theory / Braille

Clerk Maxwell's electromagnetic theory ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

33,658 braille cells · 36 embossed pages at 40×25 · 86 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠠⠗⠥⠃⠑⠝⠎⠀⠕⠧⠑⠗⠉⠁⠍⠑⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠊⠉⠥⠇⠞⠽⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠍⠑⠁⠎⠥⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠍⠊⠎⠎⠊⠧⠊⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀
⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠞⠀⠍⠑⠞⠁⠇⠎⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠗⠁⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠀
⠃⠑⠞⠺⠑⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠑⠍⠊⠎⠎⠊⠧⠊⠞⠽⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀
⠏⠑⠗⠋⠑⠉⠞⠇⠽⠀⠃⠇⠁⠉⠅⠀⠃⠕⠙⠽⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀
⠞⠑⠍⠏⠑⠗⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠂⠀⠁⠀⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠂⠀⠃⠽⠀⠀
⠠⠅⠊⠗⠉⠓⠓⠕⠋⠋⠄⠎⠀⠇⠁⠺⠂⠀⠊⠎⠀⠑⠟⠥⠁⠇⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀
⠃⠑⠞⠺⠑⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠃⠎⠕⠗⠃⠑⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠝⠉⠊⠙⠑⠝⠞⠀⠀
⠑⠝⠑⠗⠛⠽⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠁⠀⠃⠑⠁⠍⠀⠋⠁⠇⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠑⠞⠁⠇⠀
⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠥⠞⠎⠊⠙⠑⠂⠀⠎⠕⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠞⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠉⠁⠇⠉⠥⠇⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠥⠇⠁⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠇⠁⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠲⠀⠠⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠕⠥⠗⠀⠀⠍⠑⠞⠁⠇⠎⠀⠚⠥⠎⠞
⠀⠍⠑⠝⠞⠊⠕⠝⠑⠙⠀⠶⠁⠞⠀⠁⠀⠞⠑⠍⠏⠑⠗⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠼⠁⠛⠚⠀
⠠⠉⠲⠶⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠀⠊⠝⠀⠀⠟⠥⠑⠎⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠞⠕
⠀⠃⠑⠀⠶⠁⠋⠞⠑⠗⠀⠍⠥⠇⠞⠊⠏⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠃⠽⠀⠼⠁⠚⠚⠶⠀⠼⠁⠁⠉⠂
⠀⠼⠁⠁⠛⠂⠀⠀⠼⠁⠑⠋⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠼⠃⠓⠃⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠕⠗⠑⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀
⠧⠁⠇⠥⠑⠎⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠼⠁⠁⠑⠂⠀⠼⠁⠃⠊⠂⠀⠼⠁⠉⠊⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀⠼⠃⠊⠋⠲⠀
⠠⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠝⠥⠍⠃⠑⠗⠎⠀⠎⠓⠕⠺⠀⠉⠕⠝⠉⠇⠥⠎⠊⠧⠑⠇⠽⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠂⠀
⠓⠕⠺⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠃⠑⠀⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀
⠎⠓⠕⠗⠞⠑⠗⠀⠺⠁⠧⠑⠎⠂⠀⠺⠑⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀⠉⠁⠇⠉⠥⠇⠁⠞⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠕⠏⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠑⠗⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠑⠞⠁⠇⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠑⠭⠞⠗⠑⠍⠑⠀⠊⠝⠋⠗⠁⠤⠗⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠍⠑⠁⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠍⠁⠭⠺⠑⠇⠇⠄⠎
⠀⠑⠟⠥⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀⠎⠊⠍⠏⠇⠽⠀⠀⠎⠥⠃⠎⠞⠊⠞⠥⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠉⠕⠝⠙⠥⠉⠞⠊⠧⠊⠞⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠧⠁⠇⠥⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀
⠙⠑⠙⠥⠉⠑⠙⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠀⠑⠭⠏⠑⠗⠊⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠁⠝⠞⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.