Skip to content

Library / Physics / Clerk Maxwell's electromagnetic theory / Braille

Clerk Maxwell's electromagnetic theory ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

33,658 braille cells · 36 embossed pages at 40×25 · 86 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠏⠇⠁⠞⠑⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠁⠇⠇⠕⠺⠀⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠏⠁⠎⠎⠀⠞⠓⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠲⠀⠀⠠⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠑⠭⠏⠑⠗⠊⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠠⠊⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀
⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠕⠝⠀⠁⠀⠏⠊⠑⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠛⠕⠇⠙⠀⠇⠑⠁⠋⠂⠀⠊⠞⠀⠁⠏⠏⠑⠁⠗⠎
⠀⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠞⠗⠁⠝⠎⠏⠁⠗⠑⠝⠉⠽⠀⠊⠎⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠍⠥⠉⠓⠀
⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠎⠞⠑⠝⠞⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠕⠗⠽⠂⠀⠥⠝⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠺⠑⠀⠎⠥⠏⠏⠕⠎⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠇⠕⠎⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠑⠝⠑⠗⠛⠽⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀
⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠗⠕⠍⠕⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠉⠑⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠗⠑⠧⠑⠗⠎⠑⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀
⠑⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠎⠑⠍⠊⠤⠧⠊⠃⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠁⠉⠞⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠎⠑⠝⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠎⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀
⠕⠗⠙⠊⠝⠁⠗⠽⠀⠑⠭⠏⠑⠗⠊⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠲⠀⠠⠇⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠀⠗⠑⠎⠑⠁⠗⠉⠓⠑⠎
⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠁⠍⠏⠇⠽⠀⠉⠕⠝⠋⠊⠗⠍⠑⠙⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠠⠍⠁⠭⠺⠑⠇⠇⠀⠎⠁⠽⠎
⠀⠓⠑⠗⠑⠆⠀⠕⠃⠧⠊⠕⠥⠎⠇⠽⠂⠀⠀⠃⠕⠙⠊⠑⠎⠂⠀⠃⠕⠞⠓⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠙⠥⠉⠞⠕⠗⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠙⠊⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠗⠊⠉⠎⠂⠀⠃⠑⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠇⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠞⠇⠽⠀⠀⠞⠕⠺⠁⠗⠙⠎⠀⠗⠁⠏⠊⠙⠇⠽⠀
⠁⠇⠞⠑⠗⠝⠁⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠗⠊⠉⠀⠋⠕⠗⠉⠑⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠕⠺⠁⠗⠙⠎⠀
⠎⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠁⠗⠽⠀⠕⠝⠑⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠽⠑⠞⠂⠀⠠⠓⠁⠛⠑⠝⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠠⠗⠥⠃⠑⠝⠎⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠓⠕⠺⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀
⠺⠓⠑⠝⠂⠀⠊⠝⠎⠞⠑⠁⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠧⠊⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠀
⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠂⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠥⠎⠑⠎⠀⠊⠝⠋⠗⠁⠤⠗⠑⠙⠀⠗⠁⠽⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠎⠥⠋⠋⠊⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠇⠽⠀⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠺⠁⠧⠑⠤⠇⠑⠝⠛⠞⠓⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠏⠑⠗⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠑⠞⠁⠇⠎⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠊⠍⠊⠞⠂
⠀⠑⠭⠁⠉⠞⠇⠽⠀⠀⠉⠕⠝⠋⠕⠗⠍⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠕⠗⠽⠂⠀⠊⠋⠀⠺⠑⠀
⠗⠑⠉⠅⠕⠝⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠗⠙⠊⠝⠁⠗⠽⠀⠉⠕⠝⠙⠥⠉⠞⠊⠧⠊⠞⠽⠲⠀⠀
⠠⠓⠁⠛⠑⠝⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠗⠥⠃⠑⠝⠎⠀⠙⠊⠙⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠍⠑⠁⠎⠥⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.