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Library / Mathematics / An essay on the foundations of geometry / Braille

An essay on the foundations of geometry ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

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504,362 braille cells · 533 embossed pages at 40×25 · 4,470 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠼⠃⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠉⠚⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠓⠊⠗⠙⠀⠏⠑⠗⠊⠕⠙⠀
⠁⠃⠁⠝⠙⠕⠝⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠑⠞⠗⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠎⠑⠉⠕⠝⠙⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠑⠭⠞⠗⠥⠙⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠕⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠎⠏⠁⠞⠊⠁⠇⠀⠟⠥⠁⠝⠞⠊⠞⠽⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠃⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠉⠁⠲⠀⠀⠠⠉⠁⠽⠇⠑⠽⠀⠗⠑⠙⠥⠉⠑⠙⠀⠍⠑⠞⠗⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠏⠑⠗⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠏⠗⠕⠚⠑⠉⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠑⠗⠞⠊⠑⠎⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠗⠑⠇⠁⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠀⠉⠑⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝⠀⠉⠕⠝⠊⠉⠀⠕⠗⠀⠟⠥⠁⠙⠗⠊⠉⠂⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠁⠃⠎⠕⠇⠥⠞⠑⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠉⠃⠲⠀⠀⠠⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠅⠇⠑⠊⠝⠀⠎⠓⠕⠺⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠑⠥⠉⠇⠊⠙⠑⠁⠝⠀⠕⠗⠀⠝⠕⠝⠤⠠⠑⠥⠉⠇⠊⠙⠑⠁⠝⠀⠎⠽⠎⠞⠑⠍⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠗⠑⠎⠥⠇⠞⠂⠀⠁⠉⠉⠕⠗⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠁⠃⠎⠕⠇⠥⠞⠑⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠉⠉⠲⠀⠀⠠⠓⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠠⠑⠥⠉⠇⠊⠙⠑⠁⠝⠀⠎⠏⠁⠉⠑⠀⠁⠏⠏⠑⠁⠗⠑⠙⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠀⠗⠊⠎⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠅⠊⠝⠙⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠠⠛⠑⠕⠍⠑⠞⠗⠽⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠟⠥⠑⠎⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠞⠗⠥⠑⠂⠀⠁⠏⠏⠑⠁⠗⠑⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠗⠑⠙⠥⠉⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠧⠑⠝⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠉⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠉⠙⠲⠀⠀⠠⠃⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠧⠊⠑⠺⠀⠊⠎⠀⠙⠥⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠁⠀⠉⠕⠝⠋⠥⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠉⠕⠕⠗⠙⠊⠝⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀⠑⠍⠏⠇⠕⠽⠑⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠉⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠉⠑⠲⠀⠀⠠⠏⠗⠕⠚⠑⠉⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠉⠕⠕⠗⠙⠊⠝⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀
⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠗⠑⠛⠁⠗⠙⠑⠙⠀⠁⠎⠀⠙⠑⠏⠑⠝⠙⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠝⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠙⠊⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠥⠎⠀⠗⠑⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠍⠑⠞⠗⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠉⠋⠲⠀⠀⠠⠃⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠉⠁⠎⠑⠂⠀⠎⠊⠝⠉⠑⠀⠁⠝⠓⠁⠗⠍⠕⠝⠊⠉⠀⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀⠃⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.