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How competing reproductive needs shaped the evolution of liverworts

Phys.org · WORLD · Science · 11/2/2026, 6:20:06 PM

Liverworts reproduce through a life cycle involving two distinct stages. First, sperm fertilize eggs in the presence of water, producing embryos that develop into spore-producing structures called sporophytes. These structures then produce spores that can disperse and grow into new liverwort plants.

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