arXiv:2610.40860v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Given a finite group $G$, the factorization graph $\Gamma(G)$ has as vertices the nontrivial proper subgroups of $G$, with two distinct vertices $H$ and $K$ adjacent if and only if $HK = G$. In this paper, we study structural and combinatorial properties of $\Gamma(G)$ for three families of groups: cyclic groups of square-free order, generalized quaternion groups, and dicyclic groups. For cyclic groups $C_{p_1\cdots p_r}$, we describe the global structure of $\Gamma(G)$ and determine its order, degree sequence, center, girth, and diameter. We also characterize completely when $\Gamma(G)$ is claw-free, show that it is non-planar for $r \geq 4$, and prove that after removing all pendant vertices, the resulting induced subgraph is 2-connected; we further compute its exact circumference for small $r$, showing it is Hamiltonian precisely when $r=4, 5$. For generalized quaternion groups, we classify all isolated vertices and prove that the reduced factorization graph has diameter two and a unique central vertex. Moreover, we show that it is planar, has chromatic number~$3$, is Eulerian, and non-Hamiltonian, and that it contains maximal induced stars and triangular book subgraphs. Finally, we analyze the dicyclic case and show that the reduced factorization graph is a complete bipartite graph, from which all main invariants follow directly. An explicit SageMath algorithm for constructing $\Gamma(G)$ is included.
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