,,iii #aaith ,,congress #b;d ,session ,s4 ,,res4 #ggi ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,june #ah1 #bjbf,mr4 ,booker 7for himself1 ,mr4 ,durbin1 ,mr4 ,van ,hollen1 and ,ms4 ,klobuchar7 submitted the following resolution2 which was referred to the ,committee on the ,judiciary ,,resolution ,recognizing the contributions of ,black people to the musical heritage of the ,united ,states and the need for greater access to music education for ,black students and designating ,june #bjbf as ,black ,music ,month4 ,whereas spirituals1 ragtime1 blues1 jazz1 gospel1 classical composition1 and countless other categories of music have been created or enhanced by ,black people and are etched into the history and culture of the ,united ,states2 ,whereas the first ,africans transported to the ,united ,states came from a variety of ethnic groups with a long history of distinct and cultivated musical traditions1 brought musical instruments with them1 and built new musical instruments in the ,united ,states2 ,whereas spirituals were a distinct response to the conditions of slavery in the ,united ,states and expressed the longing of the enslaved for spiritual and bodily freedom1 for safety from harm and evil1 and for relief from the hardships of slavery2 ,whereas jazz1 arguably the most creative and complex music that the ,united ,states has produced1 combines the musical traditions of ,black people in ,new ,orleans with the creative flexibility of blues music2 ,whereas masterful trumpeters ,louis ,armstrong and ,miles ,davis achieved national and international recognition with the success of ,west ,end ,blues by ,louis ,armstrong in the #aibjs and ,so ,what by ,miles ,davis in the late #aiejs2 ,whereas ,thomas ,dorsey1 the ,father of ,gospel ,music1 used his composing talents to merge sacred and secular styles that created a revolution in music2 ,whereas talented jazz pianist and vocalist ,nat ,king ,cole recorded more than #aej singles and sold more than #ej1jjj1jjj records2 ,whereas the talent of ,ella ,fitzgerald1 a winner of #ac ,grammy ,awards1 is epitomized by a rendition of ,summertime1 a bluesy record accompanied by melodic vocals2 ,whereas ,natalie ,cole1 the daughter of ,nat ,king ,cole1 achieved musical success in the mid-#aigjs as a rhythm and blues artist with the hits ,this ,will ,be and ,unforgettable2 ,whereas1 in the #aidjs1 bebop evolved through jam sessions1 which included trumpeter ,dizzy ,gillespie and alto saxophonist ,charlie ,parker1 held at clubs in ,harlem1 ,new ,york1 such as ,minton's ,playhouse2 ,whereas earlier classical singers such as ,elizabeth ,taylor ,greenfield1 one of the first widely known ,black vocalists1 and other early ,black singing pioneers1 including ,nellie ,mitchell ,brown1 ,marie ,selika ,williams1 ,rachel ,walker ,turner1 ,marian ,anderson1 and ,flora ,batson ,bergen1 paved the way for the female ,black concert singers who have achieved great popularity during the last #ej years2 ,whereas the term rhythm and blues originated in the late #aidjs as a way to describe recordings marketed to ,black people and replaced the term race music2 ,whereas lyrical themes in rhythm and blues often encapsulate the ,black experience of pain1 the quest for freedom1 joy1 triumphs and failures1 relationships1 economics1 and aspiration and were popularized by artists such as ,ray ,charles1 ,ruth ,brown1 ,etta ,james1 and ,otis ,redding2 ,whereas the musical virtuoso ,reverend ,richard ,smallwood1 a composer and arranger of classical gospel music1 continues to inspire audiences and performers worldwide2 ,whereas soul music originated in the ,black community in the late #aiejs and early #aifjs1 combines elements of ,black gospel music1 rhythm and blues1 and jazz1 and was popularized by artists such as ,aretha ,franklin1 ,james ,brown1 ,ray ,charles1 ,sam ,cooke1 ,bill ,withers1 and ,jackie ,wilson2 ,whereas ,motown1 founded as a record label in #aiei1 evolved into a distinctive style known for the ,motown ,sound1 a blend of pop and soul musical stylings made popular by prominent ,black artists such as ,marvin ,gaye1 ,james ,mason1 and ,mary ,wells2 ,whereas go-go1 developed by ,black musicians in the mid-#aifjs and combining funk1 soul1 and ,latin music1 was popularized by artists such as ,chuck ,brown and ,rare ,essence1 and is the official music of ,washington1 ,,dc2 ,whereas ,harry ,belafonte1 a singer1 actor1 activist1 and a supporter and confidant of ,martin ,luther ,king1 ,jr41 throughout the civil rights movement1 influenced by his ,caribbean roots1 popularized calypso music in the ,united ,states2 ,whereas1 in the early #aigjs1 the musical style of disco emerged and was popularized by programs such as ,soul ,train and by artists such as ,donna ,summer2 ,whereas reggae is a genre of music that originated in ,jamaica in the late #aifjs and incorporates some of the musical elements of rhythm and blues1 jazz1 mento1 calypso1 and ,african music1 and was popularized by artists such as ,bob ,marley2 ,whereas rock and roll was developed from ,black musical styles such as gospel and rhythm and blues and was popularized by artists such as ,chuck ,berry1 ,bo ,diddley1 ,little ,richard1 and ,jimi ,hendrix2 ,whereas rap1 arguably the most complex and influential form of hip-hop culture1 combines blues1 jazz1 and soul and elements of the ,black musical tradition with ,caribbean calypso1 dub1 and dance hall reggae2 ,whereas the development and popularity of old-style rap combined confident beats with wordplay and storytelling1 highlighting the struggle of ,black youth growing up in underresourced neighborhoods2 ,whereas ,dayton1 ,ohio1 known as the ,land of ,funk1 helped give rise to the genre of funk as a mixture of soul1 jazz1 and rhythm and blues and popularized bands such as the ,ohio ,players1 ,heatwave1 ,roger and ,zapp1 and ,lakeside2 ,whereas contemporary rhythm and blues1 which originated in the late #aigjs and combines elements of pop1 rhythm and blues1 soul1 funk1 hip hop1 gospel1 and electronic dance music1 was popularized by artists such as ,whitney ,houston and ,aaliyah2 ,whereas ,prince ,rogers ,nelson1 a ,minnesota native1 was a one-of-a-kind artist who made ,purple ,rain a household name1 ,first ,avenue a landmark1 and brought international fame to ,minnesota's music scene2 ,whereas the incredible ,billie ,holiday created a cultural reset by recording ,strange ,fruit1 originally a poem that depicted lynching in the ,southern ,united ,states1 which became the first protest song of the civil rights era2 ,whereas the talented jazz artist ,duke ,ellington pushed boundaries with his hits ,it ,don't ,mean a ,thing if ,it ,ain't ,got ,that ,swing and ,sophisticated ,lady and received #ac ,grammy ,awards and the ,presidential ,gold ,medal2 ,whereas ,sister ,rosetta ,tharpe1 known as the ,godmother of ,rock 'n' ,roll1 combined her distinctive guitar style with melodic blues and traditional gospel music that influenced the likes of ,aretha ,franklin and ,chuck ,berry2 ,whereas ,tina ,turner1 known as the ,queen of ,rock 'n' ,roll1 stunned audiences with her powerful vocals1 was the first woman or ,black musician to be featured on the cover of ,rolling ,stone1 and received #ab ,grammy ,awards during her lifetime2 ,whereas trailblazer ,florence ,price was the first noted ,black female composer to gain national status and the first ,black woman to have her composed work performed by a major national symphony orchestra2 ,whereas the classical singer ,marian ,anderson broke down racial barriers by performing at the ,lincoln ,memorial in #aici after being denied the opportunity to sing in front of an integrated audience at the ,daughters of the ,american ,revolution ,constitution ,hall in ,washington1 ,,dc2 ,whereas country music singer ,charley ,pride was inducted into the ,country ,music ,hall of ,fame in #bjjj and has had more than #dj hits reach number #a on the country charts2 ,whereas ,nina ,simone1 one of the most prominent and extraordinary soul singers1 has music spanning more than #d decades that impacted generations with detailed storytelling2 ,whereas musician ,bobby ,mc,ferrin brought joy to audiences everywhere with his smash hit ,don't ,worry ,be ,happy2 ,whereas famous saxophone player ,john ,coltrane made his impact on genres like bebop1 jazz1 and rhythm and blues through his work such as ,a ,love ,supreme2 ,whereas ,david ,jolicoeur1 also known as ,trugoy the ,dove1 was a founding member of hip-hop groups ,de ,la ,soul and ,native ,tongues and used his passion for rap music to spread positive messages within his community2 ,whereas musical force ,marvin ,gaye used his versatility as an artist to produce hits like ,i ,heard ,it ,through the ,grapevine and ,ain't ,no ,mountain ,high ,enough2 ,whereas ,sylvia ,robinson1 a ,new ,jersey native1 was an ,american singer1 record producer1 and founder of ,sugar ,hill ,records and is widely credited with launching the hip-hop genre internationally2 ,whereas ,new ,jersey resident ,q-,tip1 also known as ,kamaal ,fareed1 along with his fellow members of ,a ,tribe ,called ,quest--,phife ,dawg1 ,jarobi ,white1 and ,ali ,shaheed ,muhammad--helped define uplifting and conscious hip-hop2 ,whereas ,east ,orange1 ,new ,jersey1 native ,whitney ,houston1 one of the most recognizable voices in music1 sold more than #bbj1jjj1jjj records worldwide1 making her one of the best-selling artists of all time1 and holds the ,guinness ,world ,record as the most awarded female artist with more than #djj career awards4 ,whereas ,camden1 ,new ,jersey1 native ,leon ,huff and his longtime partner ,kenny ,gamble are ,grammy-winning songwriters and producers1 who founded ,philadelphia ,international ,records and produced more than #agj gold and platinum records for artists such as ,billy ,paul1 ,lou ,rawls1 ,the ,o',jays1 ,patti ,la,belle1 and ,phyllis ,hyman2 ,whereas ,black ,music ,month was established #dg years ago by songwriter and producer ,kenny ,gamble1 broadcaster ,dyana ,williams1 and radio executive ,ed ,wright under the auspices of the ,black ,music ,association2 ,whereas the ,national ,museum of ,african ,american ,music in ,nashville1 ,tennessee1 serves as the official home of ,black ,music ,month and is dedicated to preserving and celebrating the central role of ,black music in ,american culture2 ,whereas a recent study by the ,national ,arts ,education ,data ,project found that #di percent of all students attending schools with a predominately ,african-,american student population do not participate in school music programs2 ,whereas ,black students scored the lowest of all ethnicities in the most recent ,national ,assessment for ,educational ,progress arts assessment2 ,whereas ,black students often receive a music education that does not reflect their own culture2 ,whereas students who are eligible for the school lunch program established under the ,richard ,b4 ,russell ,national ,school ,lunch ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #agea et seq47 have significantly lower scores on the music portion of the ,national ,assessment for ,educational ,progress arts assessment than students who are ineligible for that program1 which suggests that students in low-income families are disadvantaged in the subject of music2 ,whereas a study found that-- 7#a7 nearly #b_/c of music ensemble students were ,white and middle class1 and only #ae percent of those students were ,black2 and 7#b7 only #g percent of music teacher licensure candidates were ,black2 and ,whereas students of color face many barriers to accessing music education and training1 especially in large urban public schools3 ,now1 therefore1 be it ,that the ,senate-- 7#a7 recognizes-- 7,a7 the contributions of ,black people to the musical heritage of the ,united ,states2 7,b7 the wide array of talented and popular ,black musical artists1 composers1 songwriters1 and musicians who are underrecognized for contributions to music2 7,c7 the achievements1 talent1 and hard work of ,black pioneer artists and the obstacles that those artists overcame to gain recognition2 7,d7 the need for ,black students to have greater access to1 and participation in1 culturally relevant music programs in schools across the ,united ,states2 and 7,e7 ,black ,history ,month and ,black ,music ,month as an important time-- 7i7 to celebrate the impact of the ,black musical heritage on the musical heritage of the ,united ,states2 and 7ii7 to encourage greater access to music education so that the next generation may continue to greatly contribute to the musical heritage of the ,united ,states2 and 7#b7 designates ,june #bjbf as ,black ,music ,month4