,,iii  #aaith ,,congress  #ast ,session 
,s4 ,,res4 #dg  ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of
 ,,the ,,united ,,states  ,january #cj1 
#bjbe,ms4 ,hirono 7for herself1 ,ms4    
,duckworth1 ,mr4 ,blumenthal1 ,mr4      
,booker1 ,ms4 ,cortez ,masto1 ,mr4      
,kaine1 ,mr4 ,merkley1 ,mrs4 ,murray1   
,mr4 ,padilla1 ,mr4 ,whitehouse1 and    
,mr4 ,wyden7 submitted the following    
resolution2 which was referred to the   
,committee on the ,judiciary            
,,resolution  ,designating ,january #cj1
 #bjbe1 as ,fred ,korematsu ,day of     
,civil ,liberties and the ,constitution4
  ,whereas ,fred ,toyosaburo ,korematsu 
was born on ,january #cj1 #aiai1 in     
,oakland1 ,california1 to ,japanese     
immigrant parents2 ,whereas ,fred       
,korematsu attempted to enlist in the   
,united ,states ,national ,guard and the
 ,united ,states ,coast ,guard after the
 ,united ,states entered ,world ,war    
,,ii and was rejected because of his    
,japanese ancestry2 ,whereas after the  
signing of ,executive ,order #ijff on   

,february #ai1 #aidb1 by ,president     
,franklin ,delano ,roosevelt1 which     
authorized the forced imprisonment of   
#abj1jjj people of ,japanese descent    
into prison camps1 the majority of whom 
were ,american citizens1 ,fred          
,korematsu resisted that infringement of
 ,american civil liberties and attempted
 to continue his life as an ,american   
citizen until he was arrested1          
convicted1 and incarcerated at a        
concentration camp in ,topaz1 ,utah2    
,whereas1 in #aidd1 ,fred ,korematsu    
appealed his case to the ,united ,states
 ,supreme ,court1 which ruled against   
him1 declaring in ,korematsu v4 ,united 
,states that ,japanese incarceration was
 a military necessity rather than an    
egregious act of racial discrimination2 
,whereas1 in #aihj1 ,president ,jimmy   
,carter created the ,commission on      
,wartime ,relocation and ,internment of 
,civilians 7,,cwric71 which concluded in
 #aihc that the forced removal and      
imprisonment of people of ,japanese     

ancestry was motivated by race          
prejudice1 war hysteria1 and a failure  
of political leadership2 ,whereas1      
during this time1 researchers at the    
,university of ,california1 ,san ,diego 
uncovered documents from the ,united    
,states ,department of ,justice in which
 intelligence agencies1 including the   
,,fbi1 the ,,fcc1 and the ,office of    
,naval ,intelligence1 denied that       
,japanese-,americans ever committed     
wrongdoing1 but which were never        
presented to the ,united ,states        
,supreme ,court during ,korematsu v4    
,united ,states2 ,whereas following the 
conclusion of the ,commission on        
,wartime ,relocation and ,internment of 
,civilians and the findings on          
governmental misconduct1 ,fred          
,korematsu reopened his case1 and on    
,november #aj1 #aihc1 the ,united       
,states ,district ,court of ,northern   
,california in ,san ,francisco          
overturned his conviction2 ,whereas     
,fred ,korematsu's courageously fought  

injustice by challenging the            
constitutionality of ,executive ,order  
#ijff1 and his lawsuit remains an       
important lesson about the fragility of 
individual civil liberties during a time
 when the ,nation is experiencing       
threats to its national security2       
,whereas ,fred ,korematsu continued to  
fight injustice and defend the liberties
 of ,muslim people when1 in #bjjc1 he   
warned in an amicus brief that the      
,united ,states extreme national        
security measures following the         
terrorist attacks of ,september #aa1    
#bjja1 were reminiscent of the mistakes 
of the past that undermined ,american   
civil liberties1 including the ,alien   
and ,sedition ,acts of #agih1 the       
suspension of habeas corpus during the  
,civil ,war1 the prosecution of         
dissenters during ,world ,war ,i1 the   
,red ,scare of #aiai-aibj1 the interment
 of people of ,japanese descent during  
,world ,war ,,ii1 and the era of loyalty
 oaths and ,mc,carthyism during the     

,cold ,war2 ,whereas the democratic     
character of the ,american people will  
be nourished and enhanced by            
opportunities for civic education on the
 significant challenges that have been  
posed to our ,constitution2 ,whereas a  
day of annual national reflection on how
 the ,fred ,korematsu quest for justice 
is important to educating the ,american 
people about preserving civil liberties 
and the principle of equality before the
 law2 and ,whereas the ,states of       
,california1 ,florida1 ,hawaii1         
,virginia1 ,arizona1 ,new ,jersey1 and  
,michigan have already designated       
,january #cj as ,fred ,korematsu ,day to
 commemorate his lifelong fight for     
civil liberties and the ,constitution3  
,now1 therefore1 be it ,that the        
,senate-- 7#a7 designates ,january #cj1 
#bjbe1 as ,fred ,korematsu ,day of      
,civil ,liberties and the ,constitution2
  7#b7 recognizes ,fred ,korematsu's    
bravery and resilience in the face of   
adversity2 and  7#c7 encourages all     

people to reflect on the importance of  
political leadership and vigilance and  
on the values of justice and civil      
rights during times of uncertainty and  
emergency4