,,iii #aaith ,,congress #ast ,session ,s4 ,,res4 #dba ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,september #bi1 #bjbe,mr4 ,kennedy 7for himself1 ,mr4 ,blumenthal1 ,mr4 ,graham1 and ,mr4 ,whitehouse7 submitted the following resolution2 which was referred to the ,committee on ,foreign ,relations ,,resolution ,urging the executive branch and leaders of the ,g#g and the ,european ,union to seize sovereign assets of the ,russian ,federation under the jurisdiction of members of the ,g#g and disburse such assets to ,ukraine in tranches of not less than #aj1jjj1jjj1jjj ,united ,states dollars per month until expended4 ,whereas1 since the illegal invasion of ,ukraine by the ,russian ,federation1 the ,russian ,federation has committed widespread attacks on civilians amounting to crimes against humanity1 including-- 7#a7 widespread1 systemic1 and deliberate targeting of civilians by drones where civilians have been targeted for attack while going about their daily lives outside1 and ambulances were struck while attempting to provide medical assistance2 7#b7 documented war crimes1 including extrajudicial killings and torture of civilians and prisoners of war that are systemic and widespread throughout areas controlled by the ,russian ,federation2 7#c7 rape and sexual violence committed by ,russian soldiers against male and female civilians and prisoners of war2 and 7#d7 the illegal transfer of ,ukrainian children to at least #baj different facilities inside the ,russian ,federation or areas controlled by the ,russian ,federation where the children are subjected to re-education and militarization2 ,whereas the humanitarian costs of the invasion of ,ukraine have been enormous1 including-- 7#a7 approximately #ad1jjj documented deaths of civilians1 and more than #ce1deh documented civilian casualties1 including #gjj children killed and #b1bjj children injured since the start of the war2 7#b7 an estimated #abj1jjj ,ukrainian soldiers killed or missing in action2 7#c7 displacement of more than #aj1jjj1jjj people1 with #c1fjj1jjj displaced within ,ukraine and #f1ijj1jjj seeking refuge abroad2 and 7#d7 indiscriminate shelling and bombing in population centers leading to the destruction of critical civilian infrastructure that will cost an estimated #ebd1jjj1jjj1jjj to rebuild2 ,whereas the conduct of the ,russian ,federation has not only harmed ,ukraine but violates ,article #b7d7 of the ,united ,nations ,charter requiring states to refrain from the use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state2 ,whereas the principle of state responsibility under international law holds that a state committing an internationally wrongful act is obligated to make full reparation for the injury caused2 ,whereas the legal doctrine of countermeasures under customary international law permits targeted and proportionate responses to serious breaches of international obligations1 including the use of seized sovereign assets to repair harm caused by such breaches2 ,whereas1 in response to the illegal aggression by the ,russian ,federation1 members of the ,g#g imposed sanctions and froze ,russian sovereign assets but have fallen short of confiscating such assets2 ,whereas the continued passive freezing of ,russian sovereign assets without a clear mechanism for permanent seizure and repurposing fails to uphold the principle of accountability and undermines the deterrent value of economic sanctions2 ,whereas1 in #bjbd1 ,congress passed the ,rebuilding ,economic ,prosperity and ,opportunity for ,ukrainians ,act 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #ieba note2 ,public ,law #aah-ej77;commonly known as the ,,repo for ,ukrainians ,act7 to establish a domestic legal framework for the seizure and transfer of ,russian sovereign assets2 ,whereas the ,united ,states1 every member of the ,european ,union1 and all but one member of the ,g#g are participating states of the ,organization for ,security and ,co-operation in ,europe2 ,whereas1 on ,july #c1 #bjbe1 the ,parliamentary ,assembly of the ,organization for ,security and ,co-operation in ,europe adopted unanimously in plenary session the ,porto ,declaration1 which calls on ,,osce participating ,states to unlock the full value of an estimated #cjj1jjj1jjj1jjj ,united ,states dollars in ,russian sovereign assets frozen across the region by repurposing the underlying principal1 in sizeable increments and on a regular and timely schedule1 for ,ukraine until the ,russian ,federation ends its aggression and agrees to compensate ,ukraine for damages directly resulting from the war2 ,whereas the implementation of such seizure requires robust coordination with international partners to mitigate legal1 diplomatic1 and financial risks and to maximize legitimacy and effectiveness2 ,whereas allied hesitation and lack of harmonized frameworks have impeded progress toward the actual transfer of such assets2 and ,whereas it is in the strategic and moral interest of the ,united ,states to lead an international coalition in converting immobilized ,russian sovereign assets into a funding mechanism for the recovery and global security of ,ukraine3 ,now1 therefore1 be it ,that the ,senate-- 7#a7 determines that the ,russian ,federation bears full financial responsibility for the harm caused by its unlawful war of aggression against ,ukraine1 and the assets of the ,russian ,federation should be used to satisfy that responsibility2 7#b7 remains steadfast in its support for the sovereignty1 independence1 and right to self-defense of ,ukraine1 and believes all available diplomatic1 legal1 and economic tools should be leveraged to hold the ,russian ,federation accountable2 7#c7 recommends that the executive branch advocate internationally that-- 7,a7 the violation of international law by the ,russian ,federation removes its entitlement to sovereign immunity protections over assets located abroad1 under the doctrine of countermeasures2 7,b7 international law and precedent provide a legal basis for permanent confiscation of state-owned assets in response to grave violations of the international order2 and 7,c7 the seizure of assets is a legitimate means of supporting the reconstruction of ,ukraine and deterring future acts of aggression by other states2 7#d7 strongly urges all countries with sovereign assets of the ,russian ,federation under their jurisdiction-- 7,a7 to pursue harmonization of domestic legal authorities to provide their governments with seizure powers equivalent to the powers granted by the ,rebuilding ,economic ,prosperity and ,opportunity for ,ukrainians ,act 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #ieba note2 ,public ,law #aah-ej72 7,b7 to partner with the ,united ,states to develop and implement a multilateral sovereign asset repurposing fund that facilitates the lawful seizure and repurposing of ,russian sovereign assets for the benefit of ,ukraine2 and 7,c7 to confiscate such assets and allocate them to ,ukraine in tranches of not less than #aj1jjj1jjj1jjj ,united ,states dollars per month until the funds are expended to support the defense of ,ukraine against the ,russian ,federation2 and 7#e7 calls on the ,president1 the ,secretary of ,state1 and the ,secretary of ,defense to pressure any country with sovereign assets of the ,russian ,federation within their jurisdiction to confiscate such assets by-- 7,a7 prioritizing the sale of ,united ,states weapons to countries that are found to have sovereign assets of the ,russian ,federation within their jurisdiction1 and which have seized and distributed the assets to a fund for ,ukraine2 and 7,b7 deprioritizing the sale of ,united ,states weapons to countries that are found to have sovereign assets of the ,russian ,federation within their jurisdiction and have not seized and distributed the assets to a fund for ,ukraine4